The sum of the conference between John Rainoldes and John Hart touching the head…The summe of the conference betwene Iohn Rainoldes and Iohn Hart touching the head…
The sum of the conference between John Rainoldes and John Hart touching the head and the faith of the Church. Wherein by the way are handled sundry points, of the sufficiency and right expounding of the Scriptures, the ministry of the Church, the function of priesthood, the sacrifice of the mass, with other controversies of religion: but chiefly and purposely the point of Church-government ... Penned by John Rainoldes, according to the notes set down in writing by them both: perused by John Hart, and (after things supplied, & altered, as he thought good) allowed for the faithful report of that which past in conference between them. Whereunto is annexed a treatise entitled, Six conclusions touching the Holy Scripture and the Church, written by John Rainoldes. With a defence of such things as Thomas Stapleton and Gregory Martin have carped at therein.The summe of the conference betwene Iohn Rainoldes and Iohn Hart touching the head and the faith of the Church. Wherein by the way are handled sundrie points, of the sufficiencie and right expounding of the Scriptures, the ministerie of the Church, the function of priesthood, the sacrifice of the masse, with other controuerises of religion: but chiefly and purposely the point of Church-gouernment ... Penned by Iohn Rainoldes, according to the notes set downe in writing by them both: perused by Iohn Hart, and (after things supplied, & altered, as he thought good) allowed for the faithfull report of that which past in conference betwene them. Whereunto is annexed a treatise intitled, Six conclusions touching the Holie Scripture and the Church, writen by Iohn Rainoldes. With a defence of such thinges as Thomas Stapleton and Gregorie Martin haue carped at therein.
John Rainolds 1549–1607Londini: printed by John Wolfe, 1584Londini: printed by Iohn Wolfe, 1584
475, [1], 479-674, 659-750 p. · 304k words · STC 20626 · ESTC S115546
Modern spelling is a reading aid: the words are the author’s, only the spelling is modernized. Original shows the page as printed, with the transcription marks.
Hart. You take a delight in discovering still the frailties of the Popes, as cursed aHam did the privities of his father Noah. The great affairs that I meant of the Churches state, are the affairs of religion & government of the Church throughout all Christendom: whereof the charge belongeth unto them by duty, and doth greatly busy them.
Hart. You take a delight in discouering still the frailties of the Popes, as cursed aCham did the priuities of his father Noe. The great affaires that I meant of the Churches state, are the affaires of religion & gouernment of the Church throughout all Christendome: whereof the charge belongeth vnto them by duetie, and doth greatly busie them.
Rainoldes. How far I am from Ham, and your Pope from Noah: I could declare easily, if it pertained to my purpose. But I am the willinger to bear this reproach, because, when S. Bernard reproved the corruptions of the Court of Rome, he did incur it too, and hath defended me against it. For that which he said on lesser occasion, I may more justly say on greater: bI speak things naked, nakedly; neither discover I privy ⟨p. 367⟩shame, but open shamelessness I reprove. I would to God that these things were done privately, and in chambers. I would that we alone had seen them and heard them. I would that the 1Noes of our time had left us some what whereby we might cover them in part. Now, when all men see that which is
a common talk throughout the world: shall we alone hold our peace? My head is bruised round about; the blood doth gush out on all sides; and shall I think that I must cover it? Whatsoever I lay thereon, it will be bloodied: and it will turn to greater shame and confusion, that I should seek to cover that which cannot be covered. These things S. Bernard wrote about the time of Pope Eugenius the third, (above four hundred years ago,) when Popes either had, or made a semblance of more honesty. What would he have written, if he had lived since, under Boniface the eighth, or Urban the sixth, or Boniface the ninth, or John the three and twentieth, or Paul the second, or Alexander the sixth, or Leo the tenth, or him of whom I talked last, the warrior Julius? Wherefore if I should seek to cover them now, when in Bernards time they could not be covered: the shame which he feared might fall upon me, and mine own conscience would condemn me. Look you to it, M. Hart, who sooth up those men of sin in their iniquities; and call their furies, frailties; and make a Noah, of a
Nimrod; and bring the fall of Saints to excuse the wilful outrages of thieves and robbers. You say that you meant by the great affairs of the Churches state, the affairs of religion and government of the Church throughout all Christendom. Whatsoever you meant: that is the truth which I showed by the affairs of Pope Julius. For in the Popes language, the name of [the Church] doth signify the Papacy, that is, the dominion and princehood of the Pope, in things both temporal and spiritual.
Rainoldes. How farre I am from Cham, and your Pope from Noe: I could declare easily, if it perteined to my purpose. But I am the willinger to beare this reproch, because, when S. Bernard reproued the corruptions of the Court of Rome, he did incurre it too, and hath defended me against it. For that which he said on lesser occasion, I may more iustly say on greater: bI speake thinges naked, nakedly; neither discouer I priuie ⟨p. 367⟩shame, but open shamelessenes I reproue. I would to God that these thinges were done priuately, and in chambers. I would that we alone had seene them and heard them. I would that the 1Noes of our time had left vs some what whereby we might couer them in part. Now, when all men see that which is 2a common talke throughout the world: shall we alone holde our peace? My head is bruised round about; the blood doth gush out on all sides; and shall I thinke that I must couer it? Whatsoeuer I lay thereon, it will bee bloodied: and it will turne to greater shame and confusion, that I should seeke to couer that which cannot be couered. These thinges S. Bernard wrote about the time of Pope Eugenius the third, (aboue foure hundred yeares agoe,) when Popes either had, or made a semblaunce of more honestie. What would he haue writen, if he had liued since, vnder Boniface the eighth, or Vrban the sixth, or Boniface the ninth, or Iohn the three and twentéeth, or Paule the second, or Alexander the sixth, or Leo the tenth, or him of whom I talked last, the warriour Iulius? Wherefore if I should seeke to couer them now, when in Bernards time they could not be couered: the shame which he feared might fall vpon me, and mine owne conscience would condemne me. Looke you to it, M. Hart, who sooth vp those men of sinne in their iniquities; and call their furies, fraileties; and make a Noe, of a eNimrod; and bring the fall of Saintes to excuse the wilfull outrages of théeues and robbers. You say that you meant by the great affaires of the Churches state, the affaires of religion and gouernment of the Church throughout all Christendome. Whatsoeuer you meant: that is the truth which I shewed by the affaires of Pope Iulius. For in the Popes language, the name of [the Church] doth signifie the Papacie, that is, the dominion and princehood of the Pope, in things both temporal and spirituall.
So that when Julius warred, either to recover, or to enlarge the bounds of his dominion temporal, then was he about the affairs of the Church. And this is apparent by the Italian history written of those affairs: dwherein Faenza, and the cities which he requireth the Venetians to restore unto him, are called cities of the Church; and ewhen he seizeth on them by force or composition, they return to the government and obedience of the Church; and if his martial feats do ⟨p. 369⟩stick in some distress, fthough things go hard (quoth Julius) yet God will help his Church; and the means by which, the ends whereto he fighteth, are invested all with the Churches title, gthe captains of the Church, and armies of the Church, against the Churches enemies, & rebels to the Church; the Churches horsemen; the Churches footmen, the Churches subjects, the Churches vassals: in a word, the things which the Pope possesseth, they are the Churches state; the hChurches state is said to be in peril and danger, when he is like to lose somewhat; ihe bindeth the Spanish king to find him yearly three hundred men of arms to defend the Churches state; khe sendeth word to sundry princes, that the French king will bring a mighty host to oppress the Churches state; lthe French king offereth to the Emperor, that he will help him *by force of arms to get Rome and all the Churches state, as belonging by right and reason to the Empire. This is the state in deed, about the affairs whereof the Popes are busied. The affairs of religion and government of the Church throughout all Christendom, are but pretences and pillars to support this state. For, as mBernard wrote of the Court of Rome, that they who went thither to multiply their church-promotions, should there find favourers of their lusts; 1not that the Romans care greatly how things go, 2but because they greatly love bribes, and follow rewards: so men of skill and judgement, who knew the Popes thoroughly, and faithfully set forth their lives, have opened this secret and mystery of their state, (as it hath been managed since it grew to majesty,) that they mind the propping of their own kingdom, while they pretend the worship of Christ, as nHerod did. Pope oJulius (saith his story) did pretend godliness and zeal of religion: but it was ambition that moved him to his warlike enterprises.
So that when Iulius warred, either to recouer, or to enlarge ye bounds of his dominion temporal, then was he about the affaires of the Church. And this is apparant by the Ita•ian historie writen of those affaires: dwherein Faenza, and the cities which he requireth the Venetians to restore vnto him, are called cities of the Church; and ewhen hee seazeth on them by force or composition, they returne to the gouernment and obedience of the Church; and if his martiall feates doo ⟨p. 369⟩sticke in some distresse, fthough thinges go hard (quoth Iulius) yet God will helpe his Church; and the meanes by which, the endes whereto he fighteth, are inuested all with the Churches title, gthe captaines of the Church, and armies of the Church, against the Churches enimies, & rebels to the Church; the Churches horsemen; the Churches footemen, the Churches subiectes, the Churches vasals: in a word, the thinges which the Pope possesseth, they are the Churches state; the hChurches state is said to be in perill and daunger, when he is like to lose somewhat; ihe bindeth the Spanish king to finde him yearely three hundred men of armes to defend the Churches state; khée sendeth word to sundry princes, that the French king will bring a mightie host to oppresse the Churches state; lthe French king offreth to the Emperour, that he will helpe him *by force of armes to get Rome and all the Churches state, as belonging by right and reason to the Empire. This is the state in deede, about the affaires whereof the Popes are busied. The affaires of religion and gouernment of the Church throughout all Christendome, are but pretenses and pillars to support this state. For, as m
d[…] lib. •.〈…〉 lib. •.
e[…] 6. & 7.〈…〉 6. & 7.
flib. 7. & 9.
glib. 8. & 9.
hlib. •.
ilib. 9.
klib. 7.
llib. 9.
*Ad occupar Roma & tutto lo stato della chiesa, come appartenente di Fagin all Imperio.Ad occupar Roma & tutto lo stato della chiesa, come appartenente di •agi•ne all Imperio.
Hart. In deed they have warred, I grant, in time of need: and why should they not? Though I will not defend ambition in any of them. But this I will defend that they might lawfully provide for the maintenance of their state temporal. For what saith S. Paul? pIf any man have not care of his own, ⟨p. 370⟩and specially of his domesticals: he hath denied the faith, and is worse then an infidel. Wherefore you must consider that the Pope sustaineth a double person as it were: the one of a Prince, the other of a Bishop. As a Prince, he governeth his temporal dominion: as a Bishop, his spiritual. His spiritual charge is all the church of Christ: his temporal, a part of it. And so, though both of them concern after a sort the state of the Church: yet his affairs spiritual, which stretch through all Christendom, do differ from his temporal, which touch the Church of Rome chiefly. For example, qLeo the ninth, a very good Pope, above five hundred years since, when the Normans spoiled the land of the Church and he had cursed them for it, but could not conquer them by curses: he got of the Emperor a strong band of soldiers, whom he lead in person himself against the varlets, and met them in the field manfully. At the same time Michael the Patriarch of Constantinople denied the supremacy of the Church of Rome, and claimed it to his own See. Whereof when Pope Leo heard, he sent three legates to Constantinople, to root out that heresy. Now the former of these things he did as Prince, against the Normans, who set upon his temporal dominion with arms: the later, as Bishop, against the Patriarch, who taught heresy, a point of his spiritual charge. Affairs of this later sort let me name (for difference sake) the Church-affairs; the former, the affairs of state. And so it shall appear, what injury you do them, whom spitefully you call Herodes. For you say that the affairs which they are busied about, are their affairs of state. Whereas in very truth the affairs of the Church do busy them a great deal more: to see that the Catholic religion be taught, that errors be suppressed; to provide dioceses of good and learned Bishops, and parishes of able pastors: to hear appeals, determine causes, receive supplications, excommunicate the wicked, absolve the repentant: to do the whole function of supreme heads of the Church.
Hart. In déede they haue warred, I graunt, in time of néede: and why should they not? Though I will not defend ambition in anie of them. But this I will defend that they might lawfullie prouide for the maintenance of their state temporall. For what saith S. Paul? pIf any man haue not care of his owne, ⟨p. 370⟩and specially of his domesticals: he hath denyed the faith, and is worse then an infidell. Wherefore you must consider that the Pope susteineth a double person as it were: the one of a Prince, the other of a Bishop. As a Prince, he gouerneth his temporall dominion: as a Bishop, his spirituall. His spirituall charge is all the churche of Christ: his temporall, a part of it. And so, though both of them concerne after a sorte the state of the Church: yet his affaires spirituall, which stretch through all Christendoom, doo differ from his temporall, which touch the Church of Rome chieflie. For example, qLeo the ninth, a verie good Pope, aboue fiue hundred yeares since, when the Normans spoiled the land of the Church and he had cursed them for it, but could not conquer them by curses: he got of the Emperor a strong band of soldiours, whom he lead in person himselfe against the varletes, and met them in the field manfully. At the same time Michael the Patriarke of Constantinople denyed the supremacie of the Church of Rome, and claimed it to his own Sée. Whereof when Pope Leo heard, he sent thrée legats to Constantinople, to root out that heresie. Now the former of these thinges he did as Prince, against the Normans, who set vpon his temporall dominion with armes: the later, as Bishop, against the Patriarke, who taught heresie, a point of his spirituall charge. Affaires of this later sort let me name (for difference sake) the Church-affaires; the former, the affaires of state. And so it shall appeere, what iniurie you doo them, whom spitefully you call Herodes. For you say that the affaires which they are busied about, are their affaires of state. Whereas in verie truth the affaires of the Church doo busie them a great deale more: to sée that the Catholike religion be taught, that errors be suppressed; to prouide dioceses of good and learned Bishops, and parishes of able pastors: to heare appeales, determine causes, receiue supplications, excommunicate the wicked, absolue the repentant: to doo the whole function of supreme heades of the Church.
And may not these affairs so weighty in charge, in number so many, be a just excuse for them if they preach not? Or will you slander them that they omit that duty for their state-affairs, when they omit it for the Church?
And may not these affaires so weightie in charge, in number so manie, bee a iust excuse for them if they preach not? Or will you slaunder them that they omit that dutie for their state-affaires, when they omit it for the Church?
Rainoldes. I would to God you were able to prove that I slander them, and speak more spitefully then truly of them. ⟨p. 371⟩Better had it been and would be for poor Christians: of whom they have murdered more souls, nay more thousands of souls, in one country, with their Herodian practises; then rHerod murdered bodies through his whole dominion. And this have they done by that profane policy, wherewith I justly charged them: even by pretending the Churches state, to plant their own; and using the shows of government spiritual to get them temporal advancement. For under the colour of binding and loosing, the credit of forgiving sins, the title of S. Peters keys, their ordering of the whole Church, and highest power in all Church-causes: they have raised up the tower of their Papacy with the spoils of Christendom, and have devoured men as bread, and sold the poor for silver, that they might make themselves strong in power and rich in wealth. The first, and chiefest means, whereby they finished this work, and having built the walls by climbing up above Bishops, did lay the roof of it by climbing up above Emperors, was excommunication. Which they, not content to use against their Sovereigns as a spiritual censure, did rack it to a civill punishment; removing them, not only from the communion of the faithful, but also from dominion and rule over their subjects; and putting them, as from the Church, so from the Empire too. When Emperor Leo the third, desirous to abolish the worship of Images (which then was creeping in) had caused them to be defaced, and thereupon did punish some who withstood it: sPope Gregory the second did excommunicate him in that Papal sort, 1forbidding the Italians to pay him tribute, or obey him. Upon this sentence and inhibition of the Pope, a great part of Italy rebelled against their Emperor resiant at Constantinople, and laid violent hands upon his Deputies & Lieutenants, of whom they slew two, and put out the eyes of the third. By reason of which uproar and tumults ensuing, part of the country, that rebelled, was conquered by the king of Lombardy: Rome and the dominion of the Roman Dukedom fell unto the Pope. So the Pope, who till that time had been a Bishop only, *became a Prince by treason. But the Emperor sent another Deputy into Italy to stay those attempts.
Rainoldes. I would to God you were able to proue that I slaunder them, and speake more spitefullie then trulie ofthem. ⟨p. 371⟩Better had it béene and would be for poore Christians: of whom they haue murdered more soules, nay more thousands of soules, in one countrie, with their Herodian practises; then rHerode murdered bodies through his whole dominion. And this haue they doon by that prophane policie, wherewith I iustlie charged them: euen by pretending the Churches state, to plant their owne; and vsing the shewes of gouernment spirituall to get them temporall aduancement. For vnder the coolour of binding and loosing, the credit of forgiuing sinnes, the title of S. Peters keyes, their ordering of the whole Church, and highest power in al Church-causes: they haue raised vp ye tower of their Papacie with the spoiles of Christendom, and haue deuoured men as breade, and sold the poore for siluer, that they might make themselues strong in power and rich in wealth. The first, and chiefest meanes, whereby they finished this worke, and hauing built the walles by climing vp aboue Bishops, did lay the roofe of it by climing vp aboue Emperours, was excommunication. Which they, not content to vse against their Souerains as a spirituall ceasure, did racke it to a ciuill punishment; remouing them, not onelie from the communion of the faithfull, but also from dominion and rule ouer their subiectes; and putting them, as from the Church, so from the Empire too. When Emperour Leo the third, desirous to abolish the worship of Images (which then was créeping in) had caused them to be defaced, and thereupon did punish some who withstood it: sPope Gregorie the second did excommunicate him in that Papal sorte, 1forbidding the Italians to pay him tribute, or obey him. Upon this sentence and inhibition of the Pope, a great part of Italie rebelled against their Emperour resiant at Constantinople, and laid violent handes vpon his Deputies & Lieutenants, of whom they slew two, and put out the eyes of the third. By reason of which vprore and tumults ensuing, part of the countrie, that rebelled, was conquered by the king of Lombardie: Rome and the dominion of the Roman Dukedome fell vnto the Pope. So the Pope, who till that time had béene a Bishop onely, *became a Prince by treason. But the Emperour sent another Deputie into Italie to stay those attemptes.
Who entering into league with the king of Lombards, they joined hosts together and besieged Rome. The Pope perceiving that the garrisons and munitions wherewith he had fenced and fortified the city, were not strong ⟨p. 372⟩enough to make his party good against them: trusting on the king of Lombards devotion, he went out with a solemn procession unto him, and with many sweet words of Peter and Paul, 2Princes of the Apostles, who 3with their precious blood had consecrated the church of Rome, and will the godly virtuous catholic king of Lombards hurt the city of that church? and draw on him 4the vengeance of Peter and Paul? he did entreat the king to give the siege over, and make the Deputy and him friends. Afterward a Duke one of the kings subjects, intending to revolt from him, did join in league and friendship with the Roman Prince, Pope Gregory the third, and on the affiance thereof he rebelled. The king having recovered his Dukedom by arms, pursued the Duke to Rome. The Pope, not willing to deliver the rebel, nor able to defend the city against the king who thereupon besieged it, dealt (as his predecessor had done) by supplication. But finding the matter to be past entreaty, and hoping for no aide in Italy: he sent to Charles Martel, the king of Frances high steward, desiring him 5to help the church against the Lombard. Which Charles by an embassage did, & raised the siege. Now when Charles dyed, his son named Pippin succeeded him in office: who, because Chilperike (that was king then) did no part of the kingly duty, but left the charge and burden thereof unto him, he took thereby occasion to make himself king. Which to bring about with greater credit and authority, the Popes advise was asked. Pope Zechariah made answer, that he, who did execute the duty of the king ought to be king rather, then he who did not execute it. Whereupon the French men chose Pippin to be king: the Pope released them of their oath to Chilperike. About a two years after, the king of Lombardy having won Ravenna, (which city was the seat of the Empire in Italy,) thought it meet that Rome and the Roman Dukedom should now be subject to him, who reigned in the imperial city, as it had been afore time to the Emperor. In this consideration he moved war against Stephen, the successor of Zechariah.
Who entring into league with the king of Lombards, they ioined hostes togither and besieged Rome. The Pope perceiuing that the garrisons and munitions wherewith he had fensed and fortified the citie, were not strong ⟨p. 372⟩enough to make his partie good against them: trusting on the king of Lombards deuotion, he went out with a solemne procession vnto him, and with many swéete wordes of Peter and Paul, 2Princes of the Apostles, who 3with their pretious bloud had consecrated the church of Rome, and will the godly vertuous catholike king of Lombards hurt the citie of that church? and draw on him 4the vengeance of Peter and Paul? he did intreate the king to giue the siege ouer, and make the Deputie and him friendes. Afterwarde a Duke one of the kinges subiects, entending to reuolt from him, did ioine in league and fréendship with the Roman Prince, Pope Gregory the third, and on the affiance thereof he rebelled. The king hauing recouered his Dukedom by armes, pursued the Duke to Rome. The Pope, not willing to deliuer the rebell, nor able to defend the citie against the king who thereupon besieged it, dealt (as his predecessour had doon) by supplication. But finding the matter to be past intreatie, and hoping for no aide in Italie: hee sent to Charles Martell, the king of Frances hye steward, desiring him 5to helpe the church against the Lombard. Which Charles by an embassage did, & raised the siege. Now when Charles dyed, his sonne named Pipine suc•ceded him in office: who, because Chilperike (that was king then) did no part of the kingly duty, but left the charge and burden thereof vnto him, he tooke thereby occasion to make himselfe king. Which to bring about with greater credit and autoritie, the Popes aduise was asked. Pope Zacharie made answere, that he, who did execute the dutie of the king ought to be king rather, then he who did not execute it. Whereupon the French men chose Pipine to be king: the Pope released them of their oth to Chilperike. About a two yeares after, the king of Lombardy hauing woon Rauenna, (which citie was the seate of the Empire in Italy,) thought it méet that Rome and the Roman Dukedom should now be subiect to him, who raigned in the imperiall citie, as it had béene afore time to the Emperour. In this consideration he moued warre against Stephen, the successour of Zacharie.
Pope Stephen remembering his predecessors benefit bestowed on king Pippin, went to him into France: and putting him in mind of Zacharies good turn, prayed him to undertake 6the quarrel of S. Peter, and of the common wealth of Rome against the Lombards. Yea in an assembly ⟨p. 373⟩of the Nobles of France, whom Pippin called together to know what they would say thereto: the Pope did not only exhort them to war, that they might recover Ravenna and the Emperors land from the Lombards, but also was importu••te with them that they should not restore it to the Emperor. For (he said) the Emperor was unworthy of it, because he had forsaken the defence of Italy, and was an enemy to the Church. But if that king Pippin would either do the duty of a thankful man, or 7provide for his soul health, or reward the Popes labour: he should bestow Ravenna, and the dominion of it, with the rest of that dition, 8by way of gift, upon S. Peter. This sermon as soon as Pope Stephen had made, the French men agreed to war against the Lombards & Pippin protested that if he conquered them, he would (9 for obtaining the forgiveness of his sins) give Ravenna with the dominion and dition joining to it, unto S. Peter & his successors. According to which vow when he was come into Italy, and the Emperor sent him Ambassadors with presents, desiring him, if he recovered that dition and dominion, to grant it unto him, and not unto the Pope: he answered that being moved thereunto not with humane rewards, but 1with desire of meriting the favour of God, he had received the church of Rome into protection, because he was persuaded that it would be available 2to the salvation of his soul, and the forgiveness of his sins: and sith he had sworn that he would grant & give it unto S. Peter and his successors, therefore he must perform it. Which as he said, so he did. Neither did he give it unto them more willingly, then his son Charles the great *confirmed the gift, and added more to it, when he had made a full conquest of the Lombards, & brought into subjection the kingdom of Italy. Howbeit though the Popes were now become mighty, with spoils of the Emperor, and had cast off his yoke from them: yet were they still subject to Charles the great, king of Italy and France, whom afterward they called the Emperor of the Romans, as the other the Greek Emperor.
Pope Stephen remembring his predecessors benefite bestowed on king Pipine, went to him into France: and putting him in minde of Zacharies good turne, prayed him to vndertake 6the quarell of S. Peter, and of the common wealth of Rome against the Lombards. Yea in an assemblie ⟨p. 373⟩of the Nobles of France, whom Pipine called together to know what they would say thereto: the Pope did not on•ly exhort them to warre, that they might recouer Rauenna and the Emperours land from the Lombards, but also was importu••te with them that they should not restore it to the Emperour. For (he said) the Emperour was vnworthie of it, because hee had forsaken the defense of Italie, and was an enimie to the Church. But if that king Pipine would either doo the dutie of a thankfull man, or 7prouide for his soule health, or rewarde the Popes labour: he should bestow Rauenna, and the dominion of it, with the rest of that dition, 8by way of gift, vpon S. Peter. This sermon as soone as Pope Stephen had made, the French men agréed to warre against the Lombards & Pipine protested that if he conquered them, he would (9 for obteining the forgiuenesse of his sinnes) giue Rauenna with the dominion and dition ioyning to it, vnto S. Peter & his successou•s. According to which vow when he was come into Italy, and the Emperour sent him Embassadours with presents, desiring him, if he recouered that dition and dominion, to graunt it vnto him, and not vnto the Pope: he answered that being moued thereunto not with humane rewardes, but 1with desire of meriting the fauour of God, he had receyued the church of Rome into protection, because he was perswaded that it would be auailable 2to the saluation of his soule, and the forgiuenes of his sinnes: and sith hee had sworne that he would graunt & giue it vnto S. Peter and his successours, therefore he must performe it. Which as he saide, so he did. Neither did he geue it vnto them more willingly, then his sonne Charles the great
For though Charles gave the countries to the Pope: yet the reserved 1the right, sovereignty, and royalty thereof, to him self. And when (his race decaying) Otho the great had gotten the Italian kingdom: ⟨p. 374⟩uRome, and the rest of the Popes dominions, regarded 2the Pope, as Prince of the common wealth, but the king (or Emperor) as their sovereign Lord; and did yield tributes and services to him. So that the Pope was but a vassal to the Emperor, and held of him in fee. The chiefest means whereby they cast of this yoke also, was excommunication, not Christian but Papal excommunication, such as they had practiced against the Greek Emperor. Pope Gregory the seventh was the beast that did it. The occasion was the giving of Bishoprics and church-livings, which xthe Popes themselves had granted to the Emperors, Charles, and Otho: yea the giving of the Bishopric of Rome, and choosing Popes. But when they had gotten of them that they sought, and were grown lusty and fat by their means: they saw that the giving of Bishoprics and church-livings did abate that power, to which they aspired. Wherefore under colour that the Emperors gave them not freely, but for money: ythey taught that lay men ought not to give them at all, and cursed both the givers and receivers of them. Hereupon there arose great strife between the Pope, and the Emperor Henry the third: in the flames whereof Pope Gregory the seventh did (1 by the right of S. Peters authority) deprive him of his whole Empire, discharge his subjects of their oath, and forbid them to obey him. The Princes of Germany not knowing the bounds either of S. Peters authority, or of the Popes, thought them selves bound to disobey their Emperor, and so rebelled against him. Pitiful and lamentable were the griefs and contumelies which the poor Emperor was fain to endure between the Pope and Papists, while sundry ways he sought to retain his state. But in fine Rodulph, a Duke, one of his subjects, was chosen Emperor against him. The Pope, to strengthen Rodulph, sent him a kingly crown: and pricking him forward to defend valiantly the Church against Henry, did grant (2 in the name of Peter and Paul) 3a pardon and forgiveness of all sins both in this life, and in the life to come, to all that were obedient and faithful unto him.
For though Charles gaue the countries to the Pope: yet thee reserued 1the right, soueraintie, and roialtie thereof, to him selfe. And when (his race decaying) Otho the great had gotten the Italian kingdome: ⟨p. 374⟩uRome, and the rest of the Popes dominions, regarded 2the Pope, as Prince of the common wealth, but the king (or Emperour) as their soueraine Lord; and did yéeld tributes and seruices to him. So that the Pope was but a vasall to the Emperour, and held of him in fée. The chiefest meanes whereby they cast of this yoke also, was excommunication, not Christian but Papall excommunication, such as they had practized against the Gréeke Emperour. Pope Gregorie the seuenth was the beast that did it. The occasion was the giuing of Bishoprickes and church-liuings, which xthe Popes themselues had graunted to the Emperours, Charles, and Otho: yea the giuing of the Bishopricke of Rome, and choosing Popes. But when they had gotten of them that they sought, and were growne lustie and fatt by their meanes: they saw that the giuing of Bishoprickes and church-liuings did abate that power, to which they aspired. Wherefore vnder colour that the Emperours gaue them not fréely, but for mony: ythey taught that lay men ought not to giue them at all, and cursed both the giuers and receiuers of them. Hereupon there arose great strife betwéene the Pope, and the Emperour Henrie the third: in the flames whereof Pope Gregorie the seuenth did (1 by the right of S. Peters authoritie) depriue him of his whole Empire, discharge his subiects of their oth, and forbidde them to obey him. The Princes of Germanie not knowing the boundes either of S. Peters authoritie, or of the Popes, thought them selues bound to disobey their Emperour, and so rebelled against him. Pitifull and lamentable were the griefes and contumelies which the poore Emperour was faine to endure betweene the Pope and Papistes, while sundrie waies he sought to retaine his state. But in fine Rodulph, a Duke, one of his subiectes, was chosen Emperour against him. The Pope, to strengthen Rodulph, sent him a kingly crowne: and pricking him forward to defend valiantly the Church against Henrie, did graunt (
t[…]. de […] Ital. lib. 4.〈…〉. de 〈…〉 Ital. lib. 4.
1Ju•, prin••patum▪ & […]Iu•, prin••patum▪ & 〈…〉
uSigon. lib. 7.
2Pontifi••m ut reipub. principem, Regem, ut summum Dominum.Pontifi••m vt reipub. principem, Regem, vt summum Dominum.
xSigon. lib. 4. & 7.
ylib. 9.
1A•di me princ••s Apostolorum Petre. Jure autoritatis tuae.A•di me princ••s Apostolorum Petre. Iure autoritatis tuae.
2[…], frater tuus. Nomine vest•o.〈…〉, frater tuus. Nomine vest•o.
3Omnium peccatorum remit sionem veniam que, in hac & in •••ra vita.Omnium peccatorum remi• sionem veniam que, in hac & in •••ra vita.
When that would not s•rue, (for the new Emperor was stain by Henry in the field;) his own natural children were raised against their father: first Conrad, the eldest; then Henry, the next. Which Henry spoiled him at last of the Empire, and brought ⟨p. 375⟩him to such misery, that he was fain to beg meat and drink of the Bishop of Spier, in a Church which him self had built, promising to earn it, by doing there a clerks duty, for he could serve the quire. And not obtaining that, he pined away, and died for sorrow. This dreadful example of Henry the third advanced much the credit of the Popes authority. The more, because that when *Vecilo, the chiefest Bishop of the Germans, had denied in the time of those stirs and troubles, that the Emperor might be deprived of his crown and kingdom by the Pope: there was a Council gathered, in which (the Popes legate being present at it) Vecilo 4was condemned of heresy for that opinion. For when the doctrine also was received (besides the practise) that the Pope might lawfully depose kings and Emperors: it made the tallest cedars of Libanus to shake, and to fear *the bramble, least fire should come out from him and consume them. Which appeared in Henry the fourth, the next Emperor. zWho, though he began to tread his fathers steppes, and took Pope Paschal prisoner, whereby they grew to composition confirmed by the Popes oath, that Bishops and Abbots chosen by free voices should be invested with ring and staff by the Emperor without Simony, and being so invested might lawfully receive consecration of their archbishop; but he who were chosen by the clergy, and people, and not invested by the Emperor, should be consecrated of no man: yet when he was set at liberty again, and breaking his covenants […] with open perjury, condemned both the grant which he had made to the Emperor, and the Emperor himself, and that with the consent of many Bishops of sundry prou•••es in *two Councils held at Rome; the Emperor, afraid of his fathers end, was glad to surrender the grant of Pope Paschal into the hands of Pope Calistus, and to restore him the possessions and 5royalties of S. Peter. Thus was the Pope n•w become at the least the Emperors peer. One policy there is left, whereby he became the Emperors Lord.
When that would not s•rue, (for the newe Emperour was staine by Henrie in the field;) his owne naturall children were raised against their father: first Conrade, the eldest; then Henrie, the next. Which Henrie spoiled him at last of the Empire, and brought ⟨p. 375⟩him to such miserie, that he was faine to begge meat and drinke of the Bishop of Spier, in a Church which him selfe had built, promising to earne it, by doing there a clerkes duetie, for hee could serue the quire. And not obteining that, he pined away, and died for sorow. This dreadfull example of Henrie the third aduaunced much the credit of the Popes authoritie. The more, because that when *Vecilo, the chiefest Bishop of the Germanes, had denyed in the time of those sturres and troubles, that the Emperour might be depriued of his crowne and kingdom by ye Pope: there was a Councel gathered, in which (ye Popes legate being present at it) Vecilo 4was condemned of heresie for that opinion. For when the doctrine also was receiued (besids the practise) that the Pope might lawfully depose kings and Emperours: it made the tallest cedars of Libanus to shake, and to feare *the bramble, least fyre should come out from him and consume them. Which appeered in Henrie the fourth, the next Emperour. zWho, though he began to tread his fathers steppes, and tooke Pope Paschal prisoner, whereby they grewe to composition confirmed by the Popes othe, that Bishops and Abbats chosen by free voices should be inuested with ring and staf•e by the Emperour without Simonie, and being so inuested might lawfully receiue consecration of their archbishop; but he who were chosen by the clergie, and people, and not inuested by the Emperour, should be consecrated of no man: yet when he was set at libertie againe, and breaking his couenants 〈…〉 with open periurie, condemned both the graunt which he had made to the Emperour, and the Emperour himselfe, and that with the consent of many Bishops of sundrie prou•••es in *two Councels held at Rome; the Emperour, afraid of his fathers ende, was glad to surrender the graunt of Pope Paschal into the hands of Pope Calistus, and to restore him the possessions and
*Archiepiscopus Mogun•inus.
4H••reseos est no•a•us. In the year of Christ▪ 1085.H••reseos est no•a•us. In the yeare of Christ▪ 1085.
When Charles the great, king of •raunce by inheritance, of Italy by conquest, had after great benefits bestowed on the Papacy restored Pope Leo cast out by the Romans, and come himself in person to Rome to see him settled: athe Pope in recompense and token of a thankful mind thought good to honour him with the title ⟨p. 376⟩of Emperor. Which he did with jolly ceremonies and solemnity, laying an imperial robe upon his body, a crown of gold upon his head, anointing him (as bSadok did Solomon) with oil, the people crying out thrice with joyful shouts, God save Charles the great, the godly Emperor of the Romans. This honour, the posterity of Charles which succeeded him, csome times the Pope desired them, dsometimes themselves desired and used to receive with the like solemnity and holy pomp at Rome, as their father had. In process of time the race of Charles lost the kingdom of Italy: and Otho the German got it (as Charles did) by conquest. eOtho was crowned Emperor with the like solemnity. fAnd, from that time forward, he that was king of Germany held also the kingdom of Italy with the western Empire, and therefore did receive three crowns: one of Germany at Aken, by the Bishop of Mens; an other of Italy at Milan, by the Bishop of Milan; the third of the Empire at Rome by the Pope. Neither did he use the title of Emperor before the Pope had crowned him: but was called the king of Germany and Italy, or, the king of Romans, and *Emperor appointed. But the Pope, as a wise and politic Prince, turned this point of ceremony into a point of substance, when he saw his time: and because he gave the title of Emperor, and set a crown on Emperors heads; he sought to persuade men that he gave the Empire and right of the crown. The time fit to do it was when the troubles of the two Henrys, and the Councels sentence against Bishop Vecilo, had bred an opinion that the Pope had right to depose Emperors. For thereof men would gather that he had right to make them also. Wherefore gwhen Lotharius, the next after the Henrys, was crowned Emperor at Rome: Pope Innocent the second, who set the crown upon him, *caused the doing of it to be painted on a wall in his palace of Lateran, and under the picture these verses to be written.
Rex venit ante fores,
jurans prius urbis honours:
Pòst homo fit Papae,
sumit quo dante coronam.
When Charles the great, king of •raunce by inheritance, of Italie by conquest, had after great benefites bestowed on the Papacie restored Pope Leo cast out by the Romans, and come himselfe in person to Rome to see him setled: athe Pope in recompense and token of a thankefull minde thought good to honour him with the title ⟨p. 376⟩of Emperour. Which he did with ioly ceremonies and solemnitie, laying an imperiall robe vpon his bodie, a crowne of gold vpon his head, anoynting him (as bSadok did Salomon) with oyle, the people crying out thrise with ioyfull shoutes, God saue Charles the great, the godly Emperour of the Romans. This honour, the posteritie of Charles which succéeded him, csome times the Pope desired them, dsometimes themselues desired and vsed to receiue with the like solemnitie and holy pompe at Rome, as their father had. In processe of time the race of Charles lost the kingdome of Italie: and Otho the German got it (as Charles did) by conquest. eOtho was crowned Emperour with the like solemnitie. fAnd, from that time forward, he that was king of Germanie held also the kingdome of Italie with the westerne Empire, and therefore did receiue three crownes: one of Germanie at Aken, by the Bishop of Mens; an other of Italie at Milan, by the Bishop of Milan; the third of the Empire at Rome by the Pope. Neither did he vse the title of Emperour before the Pope had crouned him: but was called the king of Germanie and Italie, or, the king of Romans, and *Emperour appointed. But the Pope, as a wise and politike Prince, turned this point of ceremonie into a point of substance, when he saw his time: and because he gaue the title of Emperour, and set a crowne on Emperours heads; he sought to perswade men that he gaue the Empire and right of the crowne. The time fit to doo it was when the troubles of the two Henries, and the Councels sentence against Bishop Vecilo, had bredde an opinion that the Pope had right to depose Emperours. For thereof men would gather that he had right to make them also. Wherefore
aSigon lib. •
b•. King. 1.3•.
cSigon. lib. 5. in Carolo Cal••:
dIn Ludovico Balbo, & Carolo Crasso.In Ludouico Balbo, & Carolo Crasso.
elib. 6.
flib 7.
*Imperator de••gnatus.
gSigon. lib. 11.
*In the year of Christ 1133.In the yeare of Christ 1133.
The king doth come before the gate▪
first swearing to the cities state:
The Popes 6man then doth he become,
& of his gift doth take the crown.
So finely by the Popes painting, and poetry, was the feat wrought, and as it were the wheel of things turned about: that, ⟨p. 377⟩whereas the Pope before held his Princedom of the Emperor in fee: now must the Emperor be thought to hold his Empire of the Pope in •ee. For though it be said that 7Painters and Poets may feign by authority: yet he and his mates, w•o feigned this pageant, did mean it should be taken for a matter of truth. The proof whereof appeared *not many years after in the next Emperor that was crowned at Rome, even Frederick the first. hThe Pope who crowned him (it was Pope Nicolas Break-spear, called Adrian the fourth,) sending by occasion two legates unto him, Rowland, and Bernard, Cardinals, with letters concerning the thing for which he sent them: did mention therein what honourable courtesy he had showed the Emperor, and given him this 8benefit, that he 9bestowed the crown of the Empire on him. Which letters being read, the Emperor and his Nobles took it very evil that the Pope should write that he had given the Emperor the crown of the Empire by way of a benefit. And fearing least thereby he should mean that, 1which some avouched also commonly, that the kings of Germany do obtain the Empire by the benefit of the Popes, (for 2the picture & verses in the Palace of Lateran did plainly signify as much:) they could not contain their grief, but they must needs say, that the Empire is not the Popes benefit. To whom when Cardinal Rowland, one of the legates, replied, And whose is it then, if it be not the Popes? Otho, the County Palatine, standing by, was moved so with that speech, that he drew his sword and would have slain the Cardinal. But the Emperor stayed him, and willed the legates to get them back to Rome straight, and signified by letters throughout all Germany what embassage the Pope had sent him: adding that he acknowledged the Empire to be given him by God alone, and by the Princes who had chosen him; and therefore desired them, that they would not suffer the majesty of the Empire, so worthily gotten by their ancestors, to be impaired by their default.
The king doth come before the gate▪
first swearing to the cities state:
The Popes 6man then doth he become,
& of his gift doth take the crowne.
So finely by the Popes painting, and poetrie, was the feate wrought, and as it were the whéele of thinges turned about: that, ⟨p. 377⟩whereas the Pope before held his Princedome of the Emperour in fee: now must the Emperour be thought to hold his Empire of the Pope in •ee. For though it be said that 7Painters and Poets may faine by authoritie: yet he and his mates, w•o fained this pageant, did meane it should be taken for a matter of truth. The proofe whereof appeared *not many yeares after in the next Emperour that was crowned at Rome, euen Friderike the first. hThe Pope who crowned him (it was Pope Nicolas Breake-speare, called Adrian the fourth,) sending by occasion two legates vnto him, Rowland, and Bernard, Cardinals, with letters concerning the thing for which hée sent them: did mention therein what honorable curtesie hee had shewed the Emperour, and giuen him this 8benefite, that he 9bestowed the crowne of the Empire on him. Which letters being read, the Emperour and his Nobles tooke it very euill that the Pope should write that he had giuen the Emperour the crowne of the Empire by way of a benefite. And fearing least thereby he should meane that, 1which some auouched also commonly, that the kinges of Germanie doo obteine the Empire by the benefite of the Popes, (for 2the picture & verses in the Palace of Lateran did plainely signifie as much:) they could not containe their griefe, but they must needes say, that the Empire is not the Popes benefite. To whom when Cardinall Rowland, one of the legates, replyed, And whose is it then, if it bee not the Popes? Otho, the Countie Palatine, standing by, was moued so with that spéech, that he drew his sword and would haue slaine the Cardinall. But the Emperour stayed him, and willed the legates to get them backe to Rome straight, and signified by letters throughout all Germanie what embassage the Pope had sent him: adding that he acknowledged the Empire to be giuen him by God alone, and by the Princes who had chosen him; and therefore desired them, that they would not suffer the maiestie of the Empire, so worthily gotten by their auncestours, to be empaired by their default.
6The Popes vassal. For homo here is uses, as the name of homage is deri•ed from it. So that it noteth the duty and service, which tenants and vassals do owe unto their Lords.The Popes vasall. For homo here is vses, as the name of homage is deri•ed from it. So that it noteth the duety and seruice, which tenants and vasals doo owe vnto their Lordes.
7Pict•ribus a• que Po••••.
*In the year of Christ 1157.In the yeare of Christ 1157.
hSigon. lib. 12.
8Beneficium.
9Contulimus.
1Quod quidam etiam dictitabant.
2Siquidem idem etiam sub Lothario pictura Lateranensi ae versibus haud ambigue erat expressum.
The Pope, understanding by the return of his legates both in what peril they had been, and what the Emperor answered: wrote letters thereupon to the Bishops of Germany, wherein he willed them to deal with the Emperor & make him do his duty. The Bishops spake unto him, & he answered them, that he obeyed the Pope ⟨p. 378⟩gladly: but the crown of the Empire he accounted him self to have received of God chiefly, and next of the Princes Electors of Germany; his regal coronation, of the Bishop of Cologne; his imperial, of the Pope. As for the Cardinals whom the Pope had sent: he forbade them to go forward, because he found that they had brought letters from the Pope to the endamaging of the Empire. Heretofore the Empire hath lifted up the Church: but now the Church (saith he) doth press down the Empire. 1It began with painting: thence it came to writing: now is the writing sought to be maintained by authority. I will not suffer, nay I will rather leave my crown, then I will permit the authority of the Empire to be diminished any way. 2Let the picture be razed out, let the writing be called back, that there remain not monuments still to raise strife between the kingdom and the priesthood: and then shall there no duty be wanting of my part towards the church of Rome. This answer of the Emperor seemed so reasonable to the German Bishops: that they advised and wished Pope Break-spear to pacify his wrath with a gentler embassage. The Popes chiefest instruments to pluck down Henry the third, were the German Bishops. Wherefore Pope Break-spear, perceiving that they were not so forward against Frederick, as they had been against Henry, was f•ine to follow their advise. So he sent two wiser and discreeter legates, writing by them unto him, that there was no cause why he should be offended with his former letters. For though other men (saith he) take the word [benefit] in an other sense; yet you should have taken it in that in which we took it, and which it seemeth to have by the first original. For 8it is compounded of two words, good and fact: and it signifieth, not a thing that is given in •ee, but a good fact. As it is used throughout the whole course of the holy scripture:
The Pope, vnderstanding by the returne of his legates both in what perill they had béene, and what the Emperour answered: wrote letters thereupon to the Bishops of Germanie, wherein he willed them to deale with the Emperour & make him do his duetie. The Bishops spake vnto him, & he answered them, yt he obeied the Pope ⟨p. 378⟩gladly: but the crowne of the Empire hee accounted him selfe to haue receyued of God chiefly, and next of the Princes Electours of Germanie; his regall coronation, of the Bishoppe of Cooleine; his imperiall, of the Pope. As for the Cardinalls whom the Pope had sent: hee forbad them to go forward, because he found that they had brought letters from the Pope to the endamaging of the Empire. Heretofore the Empire hath lifted vp the Church: but now the Church (saith he) doth presse downe the Empire. 1It began with painting: thence it came to writing: now is the writing sought to be maintained by autoritie. I will not suffer, nay I will rather leaue my crowne, then I will permit the autoritie of the Empire to be diminished any way. 2Let the picture be razed out, let the writing be called backe, that there remaine not monuments still to raise strife betweene the kingdome and the priesthood: and then shall there no duty be wanting of my part towardes the church of Rome. This answere of the Emperour séemed so reasonable to the German Bishops: that they aduised and wished Pope Breake-speare to pacifie his wrath with a gentler embassage. The Popes chiefest instruments to plucke downe Henry the third, were the German Bishops. Wherefore Pope Breake-speare, perceyuing that they were not so forwarde against Friderike, as they had béene against Henry, was f•ine to folow their aduise. So he sent two wiser and discréeter legates, writing by them vnto him, that there was no cause why hee should be offended with his former letters. For though other men (saith he) take the word [benefit] in an other sense; yet you should haue taken it in that in which we tooke it, and which it seemeth to haue by the first originall. For 8it is compounded of two wordes, good and fact: and it signifieth, not a thing that is giuen in •ee, but a good fact. As it is vsed throughout the whole course of the holy scripture:
1••ptum est • pictura•inde ve•tum est ad scripturam: nunc scripturae autoritas comparatur.
2Pictura deleatur: scriptura •••ocetur.
8Beneficium. non se […], sed bonum •a•tum. Feud•m, a thing holden in see, […] man […] of a• […], and oweth him […]. ho•o•, and […] for it.Beneficium. non se 〈…〉, sed bonum •a•tum. Feud•m, a thing holden in see, 〈…〉 man 〈…〉 of a•〈…〉, and oweth him 〈…〉. ho•o•, and 〈…〉 for it.
wherein we are said to be guided and nourished by the benefit of God, *not as though we had these things of him in fee, but as of his blessing, and a good fact of his. Now we (as you know) did set upon your head the crown of the Empire so well and so honourably, that all men may judge it was a good fact. And so were the other words mistaken also, we bestowed on you the crown of the Empire. ⟨p. 379⟩For by this word [9 bestowed] we meant nothing else, but, we set it upon you. The Emperor had required the picture to be razed out, the writing to be called back. But he must be content (and so he was) with this Papal mitigation of the writing, made somewhat •mother by the Legates. The picture was too good an evidence to be defaced. And, for all this smoothing of the writing too, Pope Break-spear ceased not to quarrel with him still, and to encroach upon him. The Emperor exacted hi• tribute to be taken up in the Popes dominion: the Pope sent him word that he should not exact it, but at his coronation only. The Emperor required Bishops to do him homage and to be sworn to him: the Pope wrote sharp letters and reproved him for it. The Emperor, being offended with the Popes letters, wrote somewhat sharply back, and iset his name before the Popes, and kspake to him in the singular number: the Pope again wrote to him that he marvelled why he gave not due reverence to 1S. Peter, and to the holy Church of Rome. The Pope required him not to bind the Bishops of Italy to do him homage ▪ the Emperor said he was content not to seek their homage, if they would be content not to hold his lordships. The Pope would not have him send messengers to Rome, unless he made him privy to it, sith all in that city were 2S. Peters magistrates, with the whole royalty: the Emperor said that that point did need more consultation; for so the Roman Emperor should have the bare name of a ruler only, if the City of Rome, whence he is named the Roman Emperor, were not subject to him. Upon these dealings and answers too and fro, the matter was debated between the Popes legates (four Cardinals) and the Emperor, to bring them to agreement. The Emperor professed that he would both give and receive judgement. The Popes legates answered, that, 3it was meet, he should receive it only: sith the Pope is not subject to any mans judgement.
wherein we are saide to bee guided and nourished by the benefit of God, *not as though wee had these thinges of him in fee, but as of his blessing, and a good fact of his. Now we (as you know) did set vpon your head the crowne of the Empire so well and so honourably, that all men may iudge it was a goodfact. And so were the other wordes mistaken also, we bestowed on you the crowne of the Empire. ⟨p. 379⟩For by this worde [9 bestowed] we meant nothing els, but, we set it vpon you. The Emperour had required the picture to be razed out, the writing to be called backe. But hée must be content (and so he was) with this Papall mitigation of the writing, made somewhat •mother by the Legates. The picture was too good an euidence to be defaced. And, for all this smoothing of the writing too, Pope Breake-speare ceased not to quarell with him still, and to encroch vpon him. The Emperour exacted hi• tribute to be taken vp in the Popes dominion: the Pope sent him worde that he should not exact it, but at his coronation onely. The Emperour required Bishops to doo him homage and to be sworne to him: the Pope wrote sharpe letters and reproued him for it. The Emperour, being offended with the Popes letters, wrote somewhat sharply backe, and iset his name before the Popes, and kspake to him in the singular number: the Pope againe wrote to him that he marueiled why he gaue not due reuerence to 1S. Peter, and to the holy Church of Rome. The Pope required him not to binde the Bishops of Italie to doo him homage ▪ the Emperour saide he was content not to seeke their homage, if they would be content not to hold his lordships. The Pope would not haue him send messengers to Rome, vnlesse he made him priuie to it, sith all in that citie were 2S. Peters magistrates, with the whole royaltie: the Emperour said that that point did neede more consultation; for so the Roman Emperour should haue the bare name of a ruler onely, if the Citie of Rome, whence he is named the Roman Emperour, were not subiect to him. Upon these dealinges and answeres too and fro, the matter was debated betwéene the Popes legates (foure Cardinalls) and the Emperour, to bring them to agréement. The Emperour professed that hee would both giue and receiue iudgement. The Popes legates answered, that,
*Non […].Non 〈…〉.
9Co••u•••us tibi insigne imperialis […], id es•, imposiumus.Co••u•••us tibi insigne imperialis 〈…〉, id es•, imposiumus.
iFrederick the Emperor to Adr••n the Pope.Friderike the Emperour to Adr••n the Pope.
kThat is (as we say in English) he did Thou him.That is (as we say in English) hee did Thou him.
1Beato Petro & sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae.
2S. Petri magistratus cum universis regalibus.S. Petri magistratus cum vniuersis regalibus.
3Aequum […] ut solum acciperet N•que […].Aequum 〈…〉 vt solum acciperet N•que 〈…〉.
Whereto when the Emperor said that he would stand to the arbitriment of six Cardinals, and six Bishops, or Princes: the legates were content to write thereof unto the Pope. They wrote, and the Pope refused the condition. To be short they agreed not, while Pope Break-spear lived. But the lusty Cardinal Rowland who succeeded him, and being Pope was named Alexander the third, ldid so rouse up Frederick ⟨p. 380⟩with their old policy of excommunications Papal, and rebellions, that mafter great dangers of his state and life, he was enforced to yield at length and ask him pardon. Which being granted on conditions, *he came to Pope Rowland in the city of Venice, and kissed there his feet, and gave him the upper hand, and 4held his stirrup while he was mounting on his palf•ie. So by treading down the Emperor Frederick, the Popedom was advanced to be the highest state in earth; and Peters chair got Caesars right. If nHenry the fifth (the son of Frederick) sought to stay it, by seizing on 5S. Peters lands, & giving them to three Dukes to be held of him in fee: he sought to stay a water-course, which the more you stop it, the fiercer it doth break out. For Philip his brother, the greatest of the three, was excommunicated straight: and Pope Innocentius the third (watching his time) drew the two swords out against them all: discharged their subjects of their allegiance and oath; and set both his clergy and laity upon them; neither left them till he h•d vanquished them, what with curses, what with wars; and that which Pope Rowland had well begun, *he nobly finished. Thus have I touched briefly the story of the temporal state and kingdom of the Popes, how •h•y clime• up to the sovereignty of it. The truth of which story is clear by the monuments of historians worthy credit, oPaulus Diaconus, pOtho, qRadevicus, rAimo•nus, sRhegino, tSigibertus, and uothers who lived at the same times, wherein the several things were done. Yea xthey, in sundry points and circumstances of importance, have opened partly more, partly the same more forcibly, then as I have touched it. But lest you should suspect that some of them perhaps speak somewhat of affection, against the Popes, or for the Emperors:
Whereto when the Emperour saide that he would stand to the arbitriment of sixe Cardinalls, and sixe Bishops, or Princes: the legates were content to write thereof vnto the Pope. They wrote, and the Pope refused the condition. To be short they agréeed not, while Pope Breake-speare liued. But the lustie Cardinall Rowland who succéeded him, and being Pope was named Alexander the third, ldid so rowse vp Fridericke ⟨p. 380⟩with their olde policy of excommunications Papall, and rebellions, that mafter great daungers of his state and life, he was enforced to yeelde at length and aske him pardon. Which being graunted on conditions, *he came to Pope Rowland in the citie of Venice, and kissed there his feete, and gaue him the vpper hand, and 4held his stirrup while he was m•unting on his palf•ie. So by treading downe the Emperour Fridericke, the Popedome was aduanced to be the highest state in earth; and Peters chaire got Caesars right. If nHenry the fifth (the sonne of Fridericke) sought to stay it, by seazing on 5S. Peters lands, & giuing them to thrée Dukes to be held of him in fée: he sought to stay a water-course, which the more you stoppe it, the fiercer it doth breake out. For Philip his brother, the greatest of the thrée, was excommunicated straight: and Pope Innocentius the third (watching his time) drew the two swordes out against them all: discharged their subiectes of their allegiance and oth; and set both his clergie and laitie vpon them; neither left them til he h•d vanqui•ht them, what with curses, what with warres; and that which Pope Rowland had well begoon, *he nobly finished. Thus haue I touched briefly the storie of the temporall state and kingdom of the Popes, how •h•y clime vp to the soueraintie of it. The truth of which storie is cléere by the monuments of historians worthie credit,
lSigo• l•b. ••.
mLib. 14.
*In the year of Christ 1177.In the yeare of Christ 1177.
4Palaf•idum ascen•••ti •t•epam •en•it.
nSigo•. lib 15.
5S. Petri patrimonium, & patrimonia Ecclesiae.
*In the year of Christ 1198.In the yeare of Christ 1198.
oHistor. Longobard. lib. 6. & Miscell. l. 21.
pOth• Frising in Chron. lib. 5.6. & 7. & de reb. gest. Frideric. imper•t.
qDe rebus gest. Friderici imperat.
rDe rebus gest. Francorum.
sChronic. lib. 2.
tIn Chronico.
uAdo Vienn. in Chron. aetat. 6. Witichind. de reb. gest. Saxon. Gotthofrid. Viterb. Chron. part. 17. Lambert. Schafnab. in histor. Germanor.
xAdo Vienn. aetat. 6. A•moin. lib. 4. c. 90. Rhegino lib. . Otho Frit. de gest. Frider. l. 1. c. 7. Radevic. lib. 1. cap. 10 15 & 16. Sigibert. in Chron. ad ann. Christ. 1088. and so forth the rest.
but because they greatly loue bribes, and folow rewardes: so men ofskill and iudgement, who knewe the Popes thoroughly, and faithfully set foorth their liues, haue opened this secret and mysterie of their state, (as it hath béene menaged since it grewe to maiestie,) that they minde the propping of their owne kingdome, while they pretend the worship of Christ, as
confirmed the gift, and added more to it, when he had made a full conquest of the Lombards, & brought into subiection the kingdom of Italy. Howbeit though the Popes were now become mightie, with spoyles of the Emperour, and had cast off his yoke from them: yet were they still subiect to Charles the great, king of Italie and France, whom afterwarde they called the Emperour of the Romanes, as the other the Greeke Emperour.
caused the dooing of it to be painted on a wall in his palace of Lateran, and vnder the picture these verses to be writen.
Rex venit ante fores,
iurans prius vrbis honores:
Pòst homo fit Papae,
sumit quo dante coronam.
they, in sundrie pointes and circumstances of importance, haue opened partly more, partly the same more forcibly, then as I haue touched it. But lest you should suspect that some of them perhaps speake somewhat of affection, against the Popes, or for the Emperours:
•
Ado Vienn. aetat. 6. A•moin. lib. 4. c. 90. Rhegino lib. •. Otho Frit. de gest. Frider. l. 1. c. 7. Radeuic. lib. 1. cap. 10 15 & 16. Sigibert. in Chron. ad ann. Christ. 1088. and so forth the rest.
