The sum of the conference between John Rainoldes and John Hart touching the head…The summe of the conference betwene Iohn Rainoldes and Iohn Hart touching the head…
The sum of the conference between John Rainoldes and John Hart touching the head and the faith of the Church. Wherein by the way are handled sundry points, of the sufficiency and right expounding of the Scriptures, the ministry of the Church, the function of priesthood, the sacrifice of the mass, with other controversies of religion: but chiefly and purposely the point of Church-government ... Penned by John Rainoldes, according to the notes set down in writing by them both: perused by John Hart, and (after things supplied, & altered, as he thought good) allowed for the faithful report of that which past in conference between them. Whereunto is annexed a treatise entitled, Six conclusions touching the Holy Scripture and the Church, written by John Rainoldes. With a defence of such things as Thomas Stapleton and Gregory Martin have carped at therein.The summe of the conference betwene Iohn Rainoldes and Iohn Hart touching the head and the faith of the Church. Wherein by the way are handled sundrie points, of the sufficiencie and right expounding of the Scriptures, the ministerie of the Church, the function of priesthood, the sacrifice of the masse, with other controuerises of religion: but chiefly and purposely the point of Church-gouernment ... Penned by Iohn Rainoldes, according to the notes set downe in writing by them both: perused by Iohn Hart, and (after things supplied, & altered, as he thought good) allowed for the faithfull report of that which past in conference betwene them. Whereunto is annexed a treatise intitled, Six conclusions touching the Holie Scripture and the Church, writen by Iohn Rainoldes. With a defence of such thinges as Thomas Stapleton and Gregorie Martin haue carped at therein.
John Rainolds 1549–1607Londini: printed by John Wolfe, 1584Londini: printed by Iohn Wolfe, 1584
475, [1], 479-674, 659-750 p. · 304k words · STC 20626 · ESTC S115546
Modern spelling is a reading aid: the words are the author’s, only the spelling is modernized. Original shows the page as printed, with the transcription marks.
Whereto when the Emperor said that he would stand to the arbitriment of six Cardinals, and six Bishops, or Princes: the legates were content to write thereof unto the Pope. They wrote, and the Pope refused the condition. To be short they agreed not, while Pope Break-spear lived. But the lusty Cardinal Rowland who succeeded him, and being Pope was named Alexander the third, ldid so rouse up Frederick ⟨p. 380⟩with their old policy of excommunications Papal, and rebellions, that mafter great dangers of his state and life, he was enforced to yield at length and ask him pardon. Which being granted on conditions, *he came to Pope Rowland in the city of Venice, and kissed there his feet, and gave him the upper hand, and 4held his stirrup while he was mounting on his palf•ie. So by treading down the Emperor Frederick, the Popedom was advanced to be the highest state in earth; and Peters chair got Caesars right. If nHenry the fifth (the son of Frederick) sought to stay it, by seizing on 5S. Peters lands, & giving them to three Dukes to be held of him in fee: he sought to stay a water-course, which the more you stop it, the fiercer it doth break out. For Philip his brother, the greatest of the three, was excommunicated straight: and Pope Innocentius the third (watching his time) drew the two swords out against them all: discharged their subjects of their allegiance and oath; and set both his clergy and laity upon them; neither left them till he h•d vanquished them, what with curses, what with wars; and that which Pope Rowland had well begun, *he nobly finished. Thus have I touched briefly the story of the temporal state and kingdom of the Popes, how hy clime up to the sovereignty of it. The truth of which story is clear by the monuments of historians worthy credit,
they, in sundry points and circumstances of importance, have opened partly more, partly the same more forcibly, then as I have touched it. But lest you should suspect that some of them perhaps speak somewhat of affection, against the Popes, or for the Emperors:
Whereto when the Emperour saide that he would stand to the arbitriment of sixe Cardinalls, and sixe Bishops, or Princes: the legates were content to write thereof vnto the Pope. They wrote, and the Pope refused the condition. To be short they agréeed not, while Pope Breake-speare liued. But the lustie Cardinall Rowland who succéeded him, and being Pope was named Alexander the third, ldid so rowse vp Fridericke ⟨p. 380⟩with their olde policy of excommunications Papall, and rebellions, that mafter great daungers of his state and life, he was enforced to yeelde at length and aske him pardon. Which being graunted on conditions, *he came to Pope Rowland in the citie of Venice, and kissed there his feete, and gaue him the vpper hand, and 4held his stirrup while he was m•unting on his palf•ie. So by treading downe the Emperour Fridericke, the Popedome was aduanced to be the highest state in earth; and Peters chaire got Caesars right. If nHenry the fifth (the sonne of Fridericke) sought to stay it, by seazing on 5S. Peters lands, & giuing them to thrée Dukes to be held of him in fée: he sought to stay a water-course, which the more you stoppe it, the fiercer it doth breake out. For Philip his brother, the greatest of the thrée, was excommunicated straight: and Pope Innocentius the third (watching his time) drew the two swordes out against them all: discharged their subiectes of their allegiance and oth; and set both his clergie and laitie vpon them; neither left them til he h•d vanqui•ht them, what with curses, what with warres; and that which Pope Rowland had well begoon, *he nobly finished. Thus haue I touched briefly the storie of the temporall state and kingdom of the Popes, how •h•y clime• vp to the soueraintie of it. The truth of which storie is cléere by the monuments of historians worthie credit, oPaulus Diaconus, pOtho, qRadeuicus, rAimo•nus, sRhegino, tSigibertus, and uothers who liued at the same times, wherein the seuerall thinges were done. Yea xthey, in sundrie pointes and circumstances of importance, haue opened partly more, partly the same more forcibly, then as I haue touched it. But lest you should suspect that some of them perhaps speake somewhat of affection, against the Popes, or for the Emperours:
lSigo• l•b. ••.
mLib. 14.
*In the year of Christ 1177.In the yeare of Christ 1177.
4Palaf•idum ascen•••ti •t•epam •en•it.
nSigo•. lib 15.
5S. Petri patrimonium, & patrimonia Ecclesiae.
*In the year of Christ 1198.In the yeare of Christ 1198.
oHistor. Longobard. lib. 6. & Miscell. l. 21.
pOth• Frising in Chron. lib. 5.6. & 7. & de reb. gest. Frideric. imper•t.
qDe rebus gest. Friderici imperat.
rDe rebus gest. Francorum.
sChronic. lib. 2.
tIn Chronico.
uAdo Vienn. in Chron. aetat. 6. Witichind. de reb. gest. Saxon. Gotthofrid. Viterb. Chron. part. 17. Lambert. Schafnab. in histor. Germanor.
xAdo Vienn. aetat. 6. A•moin. lib. 4. c. 90. Rhegino lib. •. Otho Frit. de gest. Frider. l. 1. c. 7. Radevic. lib. 1. cap. 10 15 & 16. Sigibert. in Chron. ad ann. Christ. 1088. and so forth the rest.Ado Vienn. aetat. 6. A•moin. lib. 4. c. 90. Rhegino lib. •. Otho Frit. de gest. Frider. l. 1. c. 7. Radeuic. lib. 1. cap. 10 15 & 16. Sigibert. in Chron. ad ann. Christ. 1088. and so forth the rest.
I have contented my self to touch no more, nor with more advantage, then Sigonius in his story of the kingdom of Italy, presented *to the Popes son, and written for the Popes glory (as it became the Popes reader,) hath set down, out of them and other monuments, as most true. Whereby it is very apparent and evident th•• under pretence of the Churches state, of the Church-discipline in excommunication, of the Church-doctrine in meritorious works, of the Church authority in forgiving sins, in teaching men their duties, in dispensing ⟨p. 381⟩with oaths, and lastly of the yChurch-solemnities in setting crowns on Emperors heads; the Pope hath gathered jewels to deck the triple zcrown of his worldly kingdom, and hath made himself not only a Prince, but also a Prince of Princes of the earth. It was almost twelve hundred years after Christ, when he obtained this sovereignty. Sith the which time he hath more notoriously built up his Babylon with the stones of Zion. The common wealth is witness hereof in the calamit••s of her civill governors. Whom, by the devises of the same treacheries, he hath deprived of kingdoms, goods, liberty, and life, when they have stood in his light: as the realms of aEngland, of bFrance, of cGermany, of dBohemia, of eNavarre, & the states of fFlorence, gUrbine, hVenice, in Italy, have tried to their smart. But the Church hath tried it with greater smart in her spiritual pastors. For, as Samuel, when the Israelites would have a king to rule them, (as other nations had,) itold them that the king, who should reign over them, would play the king with them, and theirs; he would take their sons and appoint them to wait upon him, to be his horsemen, footmen, captains, to ear his land, to reap his harvest, to make him instruments of war, & instruments to serve his chariots; he would take their daughters to dress him sweet ointments, and be his cooks, and bakers; he would take their fields, and vineyards, and olive trees, the best, & give them to his servants; yea the tenth of their seed, and of their vineyards, & give it to his courtiers, and to his servants; he would take their men, their maids, their youth, their cattle, & put them to his work; he would take the tenth of their flocks; and, to conclude, they should be his servants:
I haue contented my selfe to touch no more, nor with more aduantage, then Sigonius in his storie of the kingdome of Italie, presented *to the Popes sonne, and writen for the Popes glory (as it became the Popes reader,) hath set downe, out of them and other monuments, as most true. Whereby it is verie apparant and euident th•• vnder pretense of the Churches state, of the Church-discipline in excommunication, of the Church-doctrine in meritorious workes, of the Church autoritie in forgiuing sinnes, in teaching men their dueties, in dispensing ⟨p. 381⟩with othes, and lastly of the yChurch-solemnities in setting crownes on Emperours heads; the Pope hath gathered iewels to decke the triple zcrowne of his worldly kingdome, and hath made himselfe not onely a Prince, but also a Prince of Princes of the earth. It was almost twelue hundred yeares after Christ, when he obtained this soueraintie. Sith the which time he hath more notoriously built vp his Babylon with the stones of Sion. The common wealth is witnesse hereof in the calamit••s of her ciuill gouernours. Whom, by the deuises of the same treacheries, he hath depriued of kingdomes, goodes, libertie, and life, when they haue stoode in his light: as the realmes of aEngland, of bFrance, of cGermanie, of dBoheme, of eNauarre, & the states of fFlorence, gVrbine, hVenice, in Italie, haue tried to their smart. But the Church hath tried it with greater smart in her spiritual pastors. For, as Samuell, when the Israelites would haue a king to rule them, (as other nations had,)
*To James Bond-companion, P•pe Gregory the thirtenths sonne. Sigon praefat. ad histor.To Iames Bon-companion, P•pe Gregorie the thirtenths sonne. Sigon praefat. ad histor.
yKiantz. Saxoniae. lib. 9. cap. 15. Solen•tates per ecclesiam introductae.
zWhich crown they call Regnum. Platin. in Paul second. Guicci ardin. hist. […] lib. 9.Which crowne they call Regnum. Platin. in Paul secund. Guicci ardin. hist. 〈…〉 lib. 9.
aPolyd. Virg. hist. Angl. l. 15
bPaul. Aemy l. de reb. gest. Frane. lib. 8. Gaguin. lib. 7.
cKrantz. Saxon. l. 7. c. 34. & 38. & l. 8. c. 6. & l. 9. c. 14.
dKiantz. Wandaliae. l. 12. c. 36.
eBellai. comment. de reb. Gall. lib. 1.
fNic. Machian. histor. Flor. lib. 8.
gJovi. de vit. Leon. decim. lib. 3. & de vit. Adrian. sexti.Ioui. de vit. Leon. decim. lib. 3. & de vit. Adrian. sexti.
even so, when the Pope had gotten the kingdom, that is, the supremacy, over the Israelites of God, that is, Christians; he took their sons & daughters, nay their fathers and mothers, who should beget them in the gospel, and feed them with the milk of life, and appointed them to serve him, to be his Chancellors, Treasurers, Secretaries, Masters of requests, Clerks of the Exchequer, Legates, in peace to go on embassages, in war to look unto his armies; he took their bishoprics, and benefices, and prebends, the best, and gave them to his servants, yea the first fruits and tithes of their livings, and gave them to his Courtiers ⟨p. 382⟩and to his servants; he took their pastors, their doctors, their elders, their deacons, and put them to his work; he took the tithe of their Churches, nay their whole Churches; and, to conclude, both they and theirs were made to serve him. If you, M. Hart, who have been at Rome, and seen the Popes person, have not yet perceived this policy of the Pope: your want of experience, or rather your education in a Popish Seminary, (where other kind of books are given you to read then as bewray such mysteries,) may bear the fault of it. But there are two Italians of your own profession, Franciscus Sansovinus, and Onuphrius the Friar: of whom kthe one hath written a treatise of the government of the Court of Rome; lthe other, sundry books of the Popes and Cardinals. By them you may learn it. For Onuphrius showeth mthat there are three sorts of the Church-officers which are named Cardinals, the first Bishops; the second, Priests; and the last, Deacons: Priests, and Deacons, of the parishes that are within Rome; Bishops, of the cities that lie near about it. When Rome had received the Christian faith, and the Church increased there from day to day; the faithful were divided into sundry parishes for their better government, and had Elders and Deacons ordained to attend them. *Elders, or, as you term them, Priests, (and I will call them so, because I speak of Cardinals known by that title,) were they to whom the charge of ministering the word and sacraments; Deacons, to whom the care for the poor of the church, and their provision, was committed. Now at first, the parishes had each but one Priest, while they being small, one pastor could discharge the duty.
euen so, when the Pope had gotten the kingdome, that is, the supremacie, ouer the Israelites of God, that is, Christians; he tooke their sonnes & daughters, nay their fathers and mothers, who should beget them in the gospell, and féede them with the milke of life, and appointed them to serue him, to be his Chauncellors, Treasurers, Secretaries, Maisters of requestes, Clerkes of the Escheker, Legates, in peace to goe on embassages, in warre to looke vnto his armies; he tooke their bishoprickes, and benefices, and prebendes, the best, and gaue them to his seruants, yea the first fruites and tithes of their liuings, and gaue them to his Courtiers ⟨p. 382⟩and to his seruants; he tooke their pastours, their doctours, their elders, their deacons, and put them to his worke; hee tooke the tithe of their Churches, nay their whole Churches; and, to conclude, both they and theirs were made to serue him. If you, M. Hart, who haue béene at Rome, and séene the Popes person, haue not yet perceiued this policie of the Pope: your want of experience, or rather your education in a Popish Seminarie, (where other kinde of bookes are giuen you to reade then as bewray such mysteries,) may beare the fault of it. But there are two Italians of your owne profession, Franciscus Sansouinus, and Onuphrius the Frier: of whom kthe one hath writen a treatise of the gouernment of the Court of Rome; lthe other, sundry bookes of the Popes and Cardinals. By them you may learne it. For Onuphrius sheweth mthat there are three sortes of the Church-officers which are named Cardinals, the first Bishops; the second, Priestes; and the last, Deacons: Priestes, and Deacons, of the parishes that are within Rome; Bishops, of the cities that lie néere about it. When Rome had receiued the Christian faith, and the Church encreased there from day to day; the faithfull were diuided into sundry parishes for their better gouernment, and had Elders and Deacons ordeined to attend them. *Elders, or, as you terme them, Priestes, (and I will cal them so, because I speake of Cardinals knowne by that title,) were they to whom the charge of ministring the word and sacracraments; Deacons, to whom the care for the poore of the church, and their prouision, was committed. Now at first, the parishes had each but one Priest, while they being small, one pastor could discharge the duetie.
kSansovino del govern. de regn. & dell•••epub. lib. 11.Sansouino del gouern. de regn. & dell•••epub. lib. 11.
lOnuphr. de Roman. Pontisicib. De episcop. tit. & d••conijs Card. De vitis Pontific.
mLibr. de episcopatibus, titulis, & diaconiis Cardinalium.
But after, when the number of the faithful grew, each of them had more. And 1hence did the name of Cardinals arise, that he who was chief amongst the Priests of one parish was called the Cardinal Priest, that is to say, principal. In like sort 2when the several wards of the city could not be served by several Deacons, but each of them had moe: the chief amongst the Deacons of the same ward, was called the Cardinal Deacon. The name being worshipful amongst Priests and Deacons of the city of Rome, 3spread to the Bishops that dwelt near about, and they were called Cardinal Bishops, though it were long first. For 4amongst the ancients it was never heard of; neither might with reason, ⟨p. 383⟩sith they, being equal in power to other Bishops cannot be called Cardinal in respect of them. Yet in time, by custom, I know not how, they got it. Wherefore of the Cardinals of Rome, six are Bishops, the Bishop of Alba, Tusculum, Praeneste, Sabine, Portuese, and Ostia: the rest, whose number in old time was certain according to the number of parishes and wards, now they are more or fewer, as the Pope will, (they were three score and three *when this was written by Onuphrius) but all the rest are Priests, or Deacons And for almost twelve hundred years after Christ, although the Pope employed them much in his affairs, yet ordinarily they lived on their charge, and kept their calling and degree. The honour & power of Cardinal Bishops, was as the Bishops of other cities. The Cardinal Priests, and Deacons, were neither Bishops themselves, nor equal unto them in dignity. And if a Cardinal Priest were chosen (as worthy of a greater charge) to be a Bishop else where: he left his place in Rome and ceased to be Cardinal, because 1it is ordered by the ancient rules of ecclesiastical discipline, that one man may have but one ecclesiastical charge, and therefore no man might be a Cardinal Priest of Rome, and Bishop of an other Church. But 2after that the Pope had trod the Emperor under feet, & lifted up his own throne above the highest thrones on earth: he lifted up withal 3the majesty of the Cardinals, as of his Noble men and Counsellors, and used them as principal pillars of his state. He gave to them alone the right of choosing the Pope: the people, Prince, and clergy being robbed of it. He decked them with honour of wearing red hats:
But after, when the number of the faithfull grewe, each of them had more. And 1hence did the name of Cardinals arise, that he who was chiefe amongst the Priestes of one parish was called the Cardinall Priest, that is to say, principall. In like sort 2when the seuerall wardes of the citie could not be serued by seuerall Deacons, but each of them had moe: the chiefe amongst the Deacons of the same ward, was called the Cardinall Deacon. The name being worshipfull amongst Priestes and Deacons of the citie of Rome, 3spread to the Bishops that dwelt néere about, and they were called Cardinall Bishops, though it were long first. For 4amongst the auncients it was neuer heard of; neither might with reason, ⟨p. 383⟩fith they, being equall in power to other Bishops cannot be called Cardinall in respect of them. Yet in time, by custome, I know not how, they got it. Wherefore of the Cardinals of Rome, six are Bishops, the Bishop of Alba, Tusculum, Praeneste, Sabine, Portuese, and Ostia: the rest, whose number in olde time was certaine according to the number of parishes and wardes, now they are more or fewer, as the Pope will, (they were three score and three *when this was writen by Onuphrius) but all the rest are Priestes, or Deacons And for almost twelue hundred yeares after Christ, although the Pope employed them much in his affaires, yet ordinarily they liued on their charge, and kept their calling and degree. The honour & power of Cardinall Bishops, was as the Bishops of other cities. The Cardinal Priests, and Deacons, were neither Bishops themselues, nor equall vnto them in dignitie. And if a Cardinall Priest were chosen (as worthy of a greater charge) to be a Bishop els where: he left his place in Rome and ceased to be Cardinall, because 1it is ordered by the auncient rules of ecclesiasticall discipline, that one man may haue but one ecclesiasticall charge, and therefore no man might be a Cardinall Priest of Rome, and Bishop of an other Church. But 2after that the Pope had trodde the Emperour vnder féete, & lifted vp his own throne aboue the highest thrones on earth: he lifted vp withall
*In the year of Christ 1557.In the yeare of Christ 1557.
1Antiquis canonibus cautum, unum hominem non nisi uno sacerdotio potiri posse.Antiquis canonibus cautum, vnum hominem non nisi vno sacerdotio potiri posse.
2Sub Alexandro tertio Romana Ecclesia ad maximum in terris fastigium evecta fui•• Imperatore •riderico conculcato.Sub Alexandro tertio Romana Ecclesia ad maximum in terris fastigium euecta fui•• Imperatore •riderico conculcato.
3Cardinalium maiestas cum Romani Pontificis autoritate crevit.Cardinalium maiestas cum Romani Pontificis autoritate creuit.
and going, first, before Bishops; afterward, before Arch-bishops; and at the last, before Patriarchs. nHe chose the greatest Prelates of sundry dioceses and provinces, as of York (for example) and Canterbury in England; Rhemes and Roan, in France; Toledo, in Spain; Lisbon, in Portugal; Milan, Ravenna, Venice, in Italy; in Germany Cologne, Trier, and Mens; in Bohemia, Praga; Cracovia, in Poland; Strigonium, in Hungary: and so forth the chiefest Bishops of all Christendom, to be his Cardinal Priests and Deacons. Yea, they were glad to be so, because the Cardinalship was a degree unto the Popedom. oNeither did he accustom them to give over their Bishoply charge, that others placed in their rooms might supply that duty, and they might attend ⟨p. 384⟩their charge of Cardinal Priestship and Deaconship in Rome: but for the better maintenance of their own port, and strengthening of the Popedom, he suffered them to keep the livings of their Bishoprics and Cardinalships both. Wherein least he might seem to break that rule of discipline, one man to have but one charge: he took order that they should not be called Bishops though they had Bishoprics. How then? Forsooth, a Bishop, if he were made Cardinal Deacon, must be called elect Bishop: if he were made Cardinal Priest, must be called perpetual administrator of his Bishopric. As namely Thomas Wolsey Archbishop of York, when he was made Cardinal parish-priest of Rome, he must be called, not Archbishop, but Cardinal Woolsey, pPriest of S. Cecilie's parish, and perpetual administrator of the Archbishopric of York. And Aeneas Siluius, Bishop of Siena, when he was made Cardinal Deacon, must be called, not Bishop, but Cardinal Siluius, dDeacon of S. Eustace's, and elect Bishop of Siena. A shift somewhat strange, and such as a while the Popes themselves were ashamed off: at least they used it sparingly, until the time of Clemens the fifth. He, when the ice was broken, did wade more boldly through. And after him his successors, who staid in France, as he did, and set the See of Rome in the city of Avignon, did bring it to a common practise: in so much that none almost was made Cardinal, who had not a Bishopric either 4in title, or 5in commenda, or 6in perpetual administration.
and going, first, before Bishops; afterward, before Arch-bishops; and at the last, before Patriarkes. nHe chose the greatest Prelates of sundry dioceses and prouinces, as of Yorke (for example) and Canterburie in England; Rhemes and Roan, in France; Toledo, in Spaine; Lisbon, in Portugall; Milan, Rauenna, Venice, in Italie; in Germanie Coolcin, Trier, and Mens; in Boheme, Praga; Cracouia, in Poleland; Strigonium, in Hungarie: and so forth the chiefest Bishops of all Christendome, to be his Cardinall Priestes and Deacons. Yea, they were glad to be so, because the Cardinalship was a degree vnto the Popedome. oNeither did he accustome them to giue ouer their Bishoply charge, that others placed in their roomes might supplie that duetie, and they might attend ⟨p. 384⟩their charge of Cardinall Priestship and Deaconship in Rome: but for the better maintenance of their owne porte, and strengthning of the Popedome, he suffered them to keépe the liuings of their Bishoprickes and Cardinalships both. Wherein least he might séeme to breake that rule of discipline, one man to haue but one charge: he tooke order that they should not be called Bishops though they had Bishoprickes. How then? Forsooth, a Bishop, if he were made Cardinall Deacon, must be called elect Bishop: if he were made Cardinall Priest, must be called perpetuall administrator of his Bishopricke. As namely Thomas Wolsey Archbishop of Yorke, when he was made Cardinall parish-priest of Rome, he must be called, not Archbishop, but Cardinall Woolsey, pPriest of S. Cecilies parish, and perpetuall administrator of the Archbishopricke of Yorke. And Aeneas Siluius, Bishop of Siena, when he was made Cardinall Deacon, must be called, not Bishop, but Cardinall Siluius, dDeacon of S. Eustaces, and elect Bishop of Siena. A shift somewhat straunge, and such as a while the Popes themselues were ashamed off: at least they vsed it sparingly, vntill the time of Clemens the fifth. He, when the yse was broken, did wade more boldly through. And after him his successours, who staide in France, as he did, and set the Sée of Rome in the citie of Auinion, did bring it to a common practise: in so much that none almost was made Cardinal, who had not a Bishopricke either 4in title, or 5
nOnuphr. de Romanis Pontificibus & Cardinalibus.
oDe episcopat▪ tit. & diacon••• Card.
pPresbyter Cardinalis, tit. S. Caeciliae, perpetuus administrator archiepiscopatus Eboracensis.
dDiaconus Cardinals S. Eustachii, electus episcopus Senensis.Diaconus Cardinal•s S. Eustachii, electus episcopus Senensis.
So by these devises (which all were invented by the Popes at Avignon) they had now disfurnished many Churches of Bishops, to furnish, in word, the Church of Rome with Priests, and Deacons; in deed, the Court of Rome with rich and mighty Cardinals. Yet this is the least part of that abomination of desolation, which they have set in the holy places. For under pretence, that it is their duty to see that all Churches be provided of fit pastors, they have 7reserved Church-livings, when and which they listed, to their own bestowing, and them have they seized on to maintain the port of their Cardinals too. This was not only done, but also professed to be done to that end by Clemens the sixth. Who having made new Cardinals, reserved the benefices in England that were void, and should be void next, (besides Bishoprics & Abbeys) to the sum of two thousand marks, ⟨p. 385⟩and for them he provided two Cardinals to be their pastors. Whereof when stay was made by king Edward the third, who seeing how the Church and realm were both decayed by tho•e provisions for aliens, did inhibit them to be se•u•d: oPope Clemens wrote unto him, that having lately made new Cardinals of the Church of Rome, he could not with reason but provide for them, 1as it was seemly for their state; & this he had done by providing benefices which either were presently void, or should be after, unto a certain sum, for two of them in England, for the rest in other kingdoms and coasts of Christendom; through all the which almost he had made the like provision for new Cardinals, neither amongst them all had found any 2rebellion, (so he termed it,) save this in England only. The Cardinals, which Clemens had pthen made, were twelve. Two of them he furnished with so many benefices, as should be worth two thousand marks. I cannot say precisely what number that might be. But it must be noted that (as the rate of money and price of things hath grown) a benefice, worth three hundred marks or better now, was then not worth a hundred; neither did the Pope choose the fattest benefices but such as next came to the net: and he meant his Cardinals should have that pension clear, besides their farmers shares, and vicars, or curates. So that the two Cardinals (by probable conjecture) might have an hundred benefices before they had their yearly two thousand mark pension.
So by these deuises (which all were inuented by the Popes at Auinion) they had now disfurnished many Churches of Bishops, to furnish, in word, the Church of Rome with Priestes, and Deacons; in déede, the Court of Rome with rich and mightie Cardinals. Yet this is the least parte of that abomination of desolation, which they haue set in the holy places. For vnder pretense, that it is their duetie to sée that all Churches be prouided of fitte pastors, they haue 7reserued Church-liuings, when and which they listed, to their own bestowing, and them haue they seazed on to maintaine the port of their Cardinals too. This was not onely done, but also professed to be done to that ende by Clemens the sixth. Who hauing made new Cardinals, reserued the benefices in England that were void, and should be void next, (besides Bishoprickes & Abbeies) to the summe of two thousand markes, ⟨p. 385⟩and for them he prouided two Cardinalls to be their pastours. Whereof when stay was made by king Edward the third, who seeing how the Church and realme were both decayed by tho•e prouisions for aliens, did inhibit them to bee se•u•d: oPope Clemens wrote vnto him, that hauing lately made newe Cardinalls of the Church of Rome, he could not with reason but prouide for them, 1as it was seemely for their state; & this he had doon by prouiding benefices which either were presently voide, or should be after, vnto a certaine summe, for two of them in England, for the rest in other kingdomes and coastes of Christendome; through all the which almost hee had made the like prouision for new Cardinalls, neither amongst them all had found any 2rebellion, (so he termed it,) saue this in England onely. The Cardinals, which Clemens had pthen made, were twelue. Two of them he furnished with so many benefices, as should be woorth two thousand markes. I cannot say precisely what number that might be. But it must be noted that (as the rate of money and price of thinges hath growen) a benefice, worth thrée hundred markes or better now, was then not worth a hundred; neither did the Pope choose the fattest benefices but such as next came to the net: and hee meant his Cardinals should haue that pension cléere, besides their farmers shares, and vicars, or curates. So that the two Cardinals (by probable coniecture) might haue an hundred benefices before they had their yearely two thowsand marke pension.
oEpist. Clemen••s Papae ad R••em Angliae Edwa. du• tert•um. Walsingham hist. Angl. i• Edward. […].Epist. Clemen••s Papae ad R••em Angliae Edwa. du• tert•um. Walsingam hist. Angl. i• Edward. 〈…〉.
But let it be eighty, seventy, sixty: let it be fifty: or, if that seem too much, let it be forty. The Pope did provide, as for them, so for the rest: who being ten mo, must have two hundred by proportion. Which proportion if it be drawn to all, nay to half, nay to a quarter of the Cardinals, whom Clemens and his successors have made sith that time nfor these twelve score years: the number of parishes will rise to many thousands, which they have laid waste, as flocks without pastors, to maintain the state of their Cardinals only. Yet this is but a part of that abomination of desolation which they have set in the holy places. For as though the profits of so many Churches were too small a living for the Priests and Deacons of the Court of Rome: they have gone forward from pluralities of benefices to pluralities of bishoprics. And under the colour of *commending ⟨p. 386⟩(as they name it,) that is, committing them to some of trust for a time, till good and godly Bishops might be provided for them: qthey have put two Bishoprics unto one Cardinal, yea sometimes three, yea four, yea five, yea some times six. Cardinal Hippolytus, rwho plucked out the eyes of the Lord Julius his own natural brother, because a damsel, whom he loved, did love his brother more then him, and confessed to him that it was the beauty of his brothers eyes, wherewith she was so ravished: sthis Cardinal being deacon of S. Lucies in Rome, & Archpriest of S. Peters, had the Bishoprics of Milan, Capua, Strigonium, Agria, Mutina, and Ferrara. Of the which six, three be Archbishoprics of sundry kingdoms and dominions, Milan, of Lombardy; Capua, of Naples; Strigonium, of Hungary; distant each from other some hundreds of miles: the other three are somewhat nearer to their fellows, one in Hungary, two in Italy. But if the Popes have taken six dioceses and provinces lying so far a sunder, and made them all desolate of Bishops and Archbishops, to maintain one Cardinals pomp, and him a Deacon: what hath the desolation been which they have brought on dioceses and provinces that might be joined more fitly, to maintain the rest, and them of higher calling, as Cardinal Priests and Bishops? Yet behold a greater abomination of desolation then this, nay, then all these, which I have touched hitherto.
But let it be eightie, seuentie, sixtie: let it be fiftie: or, if that séeme too much, let it be fortie. The Pope did prouide, as for them, so for the rest: who being ten mo, must haue two hundred by proportion. Which proportion if it be drawne to all, nay to halfe, nay to a quarter of the Cardinals, whom Clemens and his successours haue made sith that time nfor these twelue score yeares: the number of parishes will rise to many thousandes, which they haue laide waste, as flockes without pastors, to maintaine the state of their Cardinals onely. Yet this is but a part of that abomination of desolation which they haue set in the holy places. For as though the profits of so many Churches were too small a liuing for the Priestes and Deacons of ye Court of Rome: they haue gone forwarde from pluralities of benefices to pluralities of bishopricks. And vnder the colour of *commending ⟨p. 386⟩(as they name it,) that is, commiting them to some of trust for a time, till good and godly Bishops might bee prouided for them: qthey haue put two Bishoprickes vnto one Cardinall, yea sometimes three, yea foure, yea fiue, yea some times sixe. Cardinall Hippolytus, rwho plucked out the eyes of the Lord Iulius his owne naturall brother, because a damsell, whom hee loued, did loue his brother more then him, and confessed to him that it was the beautie of his brothers eyes, wherewith she was so rauished: sthis Cardinall being deacon of S. Lucies in Rome, & Archpriest of S. Peters, had the Bishoprickes of Milan, Capua, Strigonium, Agria, Mutina, and Ferrara. Of the which sixe, three be Archbishoprickes of sundrie kingdomes and dominions, Milan, of Lombardie; Capua, of Naples; Strigonium, of Hungarie; distant ech from other some hundreds of miles: the other three are somewhat neerer to their felowes, one in Hungarie, two in Italie. But if the Popes haue taken sixe dioceses and prouinces lying so farre a sunder, and made them all desolate of Bishops and Archbishops, to maintaine one Cardinals pompe, and him a Deacon: what hath the desolation béene which they haue brought on dioceses and prouinces that might bee ioyned more fitly, to maintaine the rest, and them of higher calling, as Cardinall Priestes and Bishops? Yet behold a greater abomination of desolation then this, nay, then al these, which I haue touched hitherto.
nSith the year of Christ 1343. in the which Pope Clemens m•de those provisions for his Cardinals.Sith the yeare of Christ 1343. in the which Pope Clemens m•de those proui•ions for his Cardinals.
*Commend••• al•cuius cur• whence the name of commenda comech▪ c. Obitum. c Catinensis. Dist. 61. c. Clericum. c. qui plures. 2. q. 1. c. dudum. 2. de elect. c. Nemo. de elect▪ in Sexto.
qOnuphr. de e•iscopatibus •••ulis & diacon••s Card.
For tthe livings of the Cardinals (with uavails thereto belonging) were great of themselves, and did perhaps content some: or if they did not, yet the number of those caterpillars was small in comparison. But the Popes had other hungry knights about them, kinsmen, officers, servants, retainers, vassals, hangers on, and all the rabble of their Court, whose livings were not crumbs of the Cardinals tables, whose number was as *the grasshoppers which covered the face of Egypt. And they were also made pastors of Churches, (not to feed them, but to sleese them,) by the same conveyances of Papal reservations, commendams, provisions, and other such Egyptian tricks. An example of it in our xEnglish Chronicles of Henry the third: in whose days the Pope enjoined by one mandate to the Bishops of Canterbury, Lincoln, and Salisbury, that they should provide for 1three hundred Romans in benefices next ••cant, and they should give no benefice until they had provided ⟨p. 387⟩for so many, 2competently. But what speak I of three hundred? The Romans and Italians were multiplied so within a few years in English church livings, by Gregory the ninth much, but more by Innocentius the fourth: that *when the king caused a view thereof to be taken throughout the whole realm, the sum of their revenues was found to be yearly 3three score thousand marks, to the which sum the yearly revenues of the crown of England did not amount. The king though misliking the disorder greatly, yet being loth to meddle with the redress of it for fear of the Pope, (the stripes of whose wrath against his father king John, against his cozen Otho the Emperor, and Otho's successor Frederick the second, were bleeding fresh before his eyes:) 4the Nobles and Commons sent a supplication to Pope Innocentius and the general Council assembled then at Lyons. Wherein, upon complaint that 5an infinite number of Italians in England had the charge of flocks, who neither fed, nor knew, nor cared for their sheep, 6but received only the fruits & revenues, and carried them out of the realm: that the yearly rents of Italians in England amounted to three score thousand marks, and upward, besides divers other avails, which they reaped where they sowed not:
For tthe liuinges of the Cardinals (with uauailes thereto belonging) were great of themselues, and did perhaps content some: or if they did not, yet the number of those caterpillers was small in comparison. But the Popes had other hungrie knightes about them, kinsmen, officers, seruants, retainers, vasals, hangers on, and all the rable of their Court, whose liuing•s were not crummes of ye Cardinals tables, whose number was as *the grashoppers which couered the face of Egipt. And they were also made pastors of Churches, (not to féede them, but to sléese them,) by the same conueyances of Papall reseruations, commendaes, prouisions, and other such Egyptian t•ickes. An example of it in our xEnglish Chronicles of Henry the third: in whose dayes the Pope enioyned by one mandate to ye Bishops of Canterburie, Lincolne, and Sarisburie, that they should prouide for 1thrée hundred Romans in benefices next ••cant, and they should giue no benefice vntill they had p•ouided ⟨p. 387⟩for so many, 2competently. But what speake I of thrée hundred? The Romans and Italians were multiplyed so within a fewe yeares in English church liuings, by Gregorie the ninth much, but more by Innocentius the fourth: th•t *when the king caused a vewe thereof to bee taken throughout the whole realme, the summe of their reuenues was found to be yearely 3thrée score thousand markes, to the which summe the yearely reuenues of the crowne of England did not amount. The king though misliking the disorder greatly, yet being loth to medle with the redresse of it for feare of the Pope, (the stripes of whose wrath against his father king Iohn, against his coosen Otho the Emperour, and Othos successour Fridericke the second, were bleeding fresh before his eyes:)
xMatt. Paris in Henri•. tert. in the year 12•0.Matt. Paris in Henri•. tert. in the yeare 12•0.
1Trece•tis Romanis.
2Compe•e•ter.
*In the ye•re 1245.
3Sexagi••• […]. •• rum.Sexagi•••〈…〉. •• rum.
4Epist. magnatum & universitatis •eg•• Angliae ad ••nocent. Papam in Conc Lugdun.Epist. magnatum & vniuersitatis •eg•• Angliae ad ••nocent. Papam in Conc Lugdun.
5Italici, quorum nume•a• jam est infinitus.Italici, quorum nume•a iam est infinitus.
that England hoped for some relief of these grievances when Innocentius was made Pope, but now it is oppressed more out of measure by the Popes legate, who entering late into the land with larger power and commission then ever legate had, doth exceed excessively; he giveth to Italians some benefices already void, worth thirty marks or more yearly; some, that fall void by the decease of Italians, he thrusteth new Italians into; some he doth provide when they shall be void to be reserved for Italians; moreover, he wresteth out immoderate pensions from religious persons, and 7useth to excommunicate & interdict of Church-service, of sacraments, of Christian burial, them who gainsay him and resist him: upon this complaint the Nobles and Commons of the realm of England made humble suit unto his fatherhood, that he would extend the hand of mercy to his children, & ease them of those burdens of grievances and oppressions detestable to God and men. The messengers, by whom this supplication was sent, presented it before the ⟨p. 388⟩Pope unto the general Council. To whom they made complaint withal of a clause in the Popes *bulles, called [8 Non obstante,] by which he brake all laws and orders of the church to serve these his purposes. For whatsoever made against the tenor of his bull, he used to remove it with a Non obstante. As, for example, the Churches law and order confirmed by a Council, was, that one man should have but one benefice, and none should have any, but he, who could himself discharge the duty personally. The Pope zsendeth forth his bulls for five Romans, the son of Rumfrede, and such, and such, that they shall be provided for of so many benefices as may be worth to each of them a hundred pounde yearely, Non obstante that law. Pope Innocent was grieved at this supplication, and complaint of England, which touched his supremacy so near to the quick.y Howbeit for the present he made them fair promises, and sent them sundry privileges from the Council of Lyons: that Patrons thenceforth should 6freely present, and Bishops should admit fit persons to benefices, who would and could well serve the charge: that the Clerk of his Exchequer (that was his legate) should provide but for twelve moe, without consent of the Patrons;
that England hoped for some reliefe of these grieuances when Innocentius was made Pope, but now it is oppressed more out of measure by the Popes legat, who entring late into the land with larger power and commission then euer legate had, doth exceede excessiuely; he giueth to Italians some benefices alreadie voide, worth thirtie markes or more yearely; some, that fall voide by the decease of Italians, he thrusteth new Italians into; some he doth prouide when they shall be voide to be reserued for Italians; moreouer, he wresteth out immoderate pensions from religious persons, and 7vseth to excommunicate & interdict of Church-seruice, of sacraments, of Christian buriall, them who gainesay him and resist him: vpon this complaint the Nobles and Commons of the realme of England made humble sute vnto his fatherhood, that he wold extend the hand of mercy to his children, & ease them of those burdens of grieuances and oppressions detestable to God and men. The messengers, by whom this supplication was sent, presented it before the ⟨p. 388⟩Pope vnto the generall Councell. To whom they made complaint withall of a clause in the Popes *bulles, called [8 Non obstante,] by which hee brake all lawes and orders of the church to serue these his purposes. For whatsoeuer made against the tenor of his bull, he vsed to remoue it with a Non obstante. As, for example, the Churches law and order confirmed by a Councell, was, that one man should haue but one benefice, and none should haue any, but he, who could himselfe discharge the duetie personally. The Pope zsendeth forth his bulles for fiue Romans, the sonne of Rumfrede, and such, and such, that they shall be prouided for of so many benefices as may be worth to each of them a hundred pounde yearely, Non obstante that law. Pope Innocent was grieued at this supplication, and complaint of England, which touched his supremacie so néere to the quicke.y Howbeit for the present hee made them faire promises, and sent them sundry priuileges from the Councell of Lyons: that Patrones thenceforth should 6freely presente, and Bishops should admitte fit persons to benefices, who would and could well serue the charge: that the Clerke of his Escheker (that was his legate) should prouide but for twelue moe, without consent of the Patrones;
*The Popes letters are called bulls, of bul••, a tablet or boss: because a boss of lead […] hanged to t••m like a •••let, (having S. Peters image and S. Pauls on one side, the Popes name on the other) with the which they are sealed.The Popes letters are called buls, of bul••, a tablet or bosse: because a bosse of lead 〈…〉 hanged to t••m like a •••let, (hauing S. Peters image and S. Paules on one side, the Popes name on the other) with the which they are sealed.
8That is to say, Notwithstanding.
zMatt. Paris in Henrico tert in the year 1231.Matt. Paris in Henrico tert in the yere 1231.
that if English men would be studious, honest, and thankful, (chiefly the sons of Noble men,) he would provide for them also, *and dispense honourably with the worthiest of them for plurality of benefices; finally, that no Italian should immediately succeed an Italian; which was obtained for their treacheries, who when one that had a benefice was dead, would foist an other into his room. And these things were promised: but they were promised only. For after that the Council was dissolved once, the Pope played the Pope, and 8brake them all with Non obstante. And as aPharaoh hardened his hart against Israel, and laid more work upon them, when they desired ease of bondage: so did Innocent against England. In so much, that after six or seven years, when a view was taken again of the brick made of our English Israel for the Italian Pharaoh: the sum of those revenues which before amounted to three score thousand marks, bwas grown to three score thousand and ten with the advantage. Now if the outrage of this abomination were so monstrous in one realm▪ what was it in all, throughout the rest of ⟨p. 389⟩Christendom? If Popes did so exceed above three hundred years ago, in the prime of their Papacy, when the joints of it were yet scarcely knit: what is it likely they did after? If by one policy they brought so great wealth unto their Court and state, yea, by part of one applied to furnish their Italians: what may be thought of the same, applied to furnish the home-borne, each in their own country? What of so many others, some of them as fruitful as this, some more fruitful? What of their whole government: wherein they have claimed a fullness of power to do what they list, and they have put their claim in practise? What words may serve to utter the spoils which they have made of the Church of Christ; first, by ordaining of the Church-officers, in creating Bishops, Archbishops, Patriarchs, and weaving palls for them; in disannulling the elections of some who lawfully were chosen; in granting some (who could not be chosen lawfully) to have the rooms by postulations; in chopping and changing their persons from one See to an other by translations, and their dioceses by divisions; in giving pastors livings away •uer their heads by *reversions, or advowsons; in shaping new creatures, 1Preaching Friars, and 2Minorites, and giving them the power of pastors;
that if English men would be studious, honest, and thankeful, (chiefely the sonnes of Noble men,) he would prouide for them also, *and dispense honorably with the worthiest of them for pluralitie of benefices; finally, that no Italian should immediately succeede an Italian; which was obtained for their treacheries, who when one that had a benefice was dead, would foyst an other into his roome. And these thinges were promised: but they were promised onely. For after that the Councell was dissolued once, the Pope played the Pope, and 8brake them all with Non obstante. And as aPharao hardened his hart against Israel, and laied more worke vpon them, when they desired ease of bondage: so did Innocent against England. In so much, that after sixe or seuen yeares, when a vew was taken againe of the bricke made of our English Israel for ye Italian Pharao: ye summe of those reuenues which before amounted to three score thousand marks, bwas growne to three score thousand and ten with the aduantage. Now if the outrage of this abominat•on were so monstrous in one realme▪ what was it in all, throughout the rest of ⟨p. 389⟩Christendome? If Popes did so exceede aboue three hundred yeares ago, in the prime of their Papacie, when the iointes of it were yet scarsely knit: what is it likely they did after? If by one policy they brought so great wealth vnto their Court and state, yea, by part of one applyed to furnish their Italians: what may bee thought of the same, applied to furnish the home-borne, each in their owne countrie? What of so many others, some of them as fruitfull as this, some more fruitfull? What of their whole gouernment: wherein they haue claimed a fulnes of power to doo what they list, and they haue put their claime in practise? What wordes may serue to vtter the spoiles which they haue made of the Church of Christ; first, by ordeining of the Church-officers, in creating Bishops, Archbishops, Patriarkes, and weauing palls for them; in disanulling the elections of some who lawfully were chosen; in graunting some (who could not be chosen lawfully) to haue the roomes by postulations; in chopping and changing their persons from one Sée to an other by translations, and their dioceses by diuisions; in giuing pastours liuings away •uer their heads by
8Omnia haec & alia per hoc repagulun. [Non obstante] infirmantur. In the year 1246.Omnia haec & alia per hoc repagulun. [Non obstante] infirmantur. In the yeare 1246.
in dispensations with boys, dispensations with bastards, dispensations with idiots, that they may have the charge of souls; dispensations with murderers, with adulterers, with Simoniacs, that they may keep their benefices; dispensations for pluralities, that one may have twenty; dispensations for non-residence, that they need never come unto them; to be short, in reseruaes, accesses, regresses, coadiutories, unions, preventions, permutations, and a thousand such devises belonging to the market of benefices and bishoprics. Secondly, by dealing with the Church causes: wherein they have received appeals from all quarters, that they might fish in troubled water; they have fetched persons a thousand miles off by citations to their consistory; they have disturbed the peace and discipline of the Church by sending legates a latere, by putting matters to their delegates, by privileging men from laws, and exempting inferiors from their superiors regiment; they have multiplied human decrees, and made them snares to catch fowls, laws, that none shall marry in this or that degree of carnal kindred, ⟨p. 390⟩or 3spiritual; canons, that men whose persons have such or such a blemish shall not ascend to priestly orders; vows, of pilgrimage, of chastity, of poverty, of obedience, of Nunrie, Moonkry, Fryery; which all they have released for money; yea, they have released oaths, solemn oaths, and have given licences to commit perjury: they have made sale of forgiveness of sins, and merchandise of mens souls: they have turned repentance into pains of penance, and penance into mines of silver and gold: they have proclaimed Jubilees of pardons plenary (as they call them) to all who came to Rome every hundred year, and visited Churches there *devoutly: these Jubilees they have abridged from an hundred years to fifty, from fifty to thirty three, from thirty three to twenty five; & because all Christians came to not Rome for them, they have sent their peddlers abroad with p•ckes of pardons, that all might buy them at their doors: they have reserved cases and crimes of greatest value, as Simony, Sodomy, offence of Church-liberty, from which none might absolve but they: and, to absolve men upon doing of penance, they have built at Rome a Papal exchange called the Penitentiary, where these absolutions are sold at certain rates:
in dispensations with boyes, dispensations with bastards, dispensations with idiotes, that they may haue the charge of soules; dispensations with murderers, with adulterers, with Simoniaks, that they may kepe their benefices; dispensations for pluralities, that one may haue twentie; dispensations for non-residence, that they néede neuer come vnto them; to be short, in reseruaes, acces•es, regresses, coadiutories, vnions, preuentions, permutations, and a thousand such deuises belonging to the market of benefices and bishoprickes. Secondly, by dealing with the Church causes: wherein they haue receyued appeales from all quarters, that they might fish in troubled water; they haue fetched persons a thousand miles off by citations to their consistorie; they haue disturbed the peace and discipline of the Church by sending legates a latere, by putting matters to their delegates, by priuileging men from lawes, and exempting inferiours from their superiours regiment; they haue multiplied humaine decrees, and made them snares to catch foules, lawes, that none shall mary in this or that degrée of carnall kinred, ⟨p. 390⟩or 3spirituall; canons, that men whose persons haue such or such a blemish shall not ascend to priestly orders; vowes, of pilgrimage, of chastitie, of pouertie, of obedience, of Nunrie, Moonkry, Fryery; which all they haue released for money; yea, they haue released othes, solemne othes, and haue giuen licences to commit periurie: they haue made sale of forgiuenes of sinnes, and marchandize of mens soules: they haue turned repentance into paines of penance, and penance into mines of siluer and golde: they haue proclaimed Iubilees of pardons plenarie (as they call them) to all who came to Rome euery hundreth yeare, and visited Churches there *deuoutly: these Iubilees they haue abridged from an hundred yeares to fiftie, from fiftie to thirtie thrée, from thirtie thrée to twentie fiue; & because all Christians came to not Rome for them, they haue sent their pedlers abroad with p•ckes of pardons, that all might buye them at their doores: they haue reserued cases and crimes of greatest value, as Simonie, Sodomie, offense of Church-liberty, from which none might absolue but they: and, to absolue men vpon doing of penance, they haue built at Rome a Papall exchange called the Penitentiarie, where these absolutions are sold at certaine rates:
3Spiritual kindred, is a kindred imagined by the Pope to be betwixt them, who are linked by suretyship for […] in baptism, as godfathers, godmothers, godchildren godbrothers, godsisters, & gossips, as they are called.Spiritual kinred, is a kinred imagined by the Pope to be betwixt them, who are lincked by suretyship for 〈…〉 in baptisme, as godfathers, godmothers, godchildren godbrothers, godsisters, & gossyps, as they are called.
*Hic des devo••• coelestibus associote. Merits aegrotae per munera sunt ibi lotae. Ergo venitote gentes a seed re notae. Qui da cis, estote certi de divite dote.Hic des deuo••• coelestibus associote. Mentes aegrotae per munera sunt ibi lotae. Ergo venitote gentes a sede re notae. Qui da cis, estote certi de diuite dote.
neither being satisfied by this exchange with the living, they have sold their wares unto the dead also (but the living must pay for them,) so many crowns, so many souls to be forgiven all their sins, and rid out of the pains of purgatory. Thirdly, by disposing of the Church-goods, which they have conveyed (as cthe unjust, but wise steward ▪) from the Lord to serve them selves: they have charged the livings of Churches and Churchmen with pensions, tributes, subsidies: they have exacted of them fifteens, tenths, fifths, thirds, moieties of their substance, to the maintenance of wars which they have waged with the Emperors: they have robbed benefices to enrich Abbeys by appropriations, that afterward themselves might glean the greater fruit of Abbeys: they have made Prelates, and such as would be Prelates, to compound with them selves, for 4palls, for crosier-staves, for mitres, for rings, for signing of bills, and to compound with their servants for writing, perusing, subscribing, allowing, conferring, registering, taxing, receiving, keeping, delivering, and for the cord and lead, wherewith their bulls are tied and sealed: they have devised new officers, ⟨p. 391⟩yea new herds and companies of officers in their chancery, purposely to this intent that they might sell those rooms, the which being sold for many thousand crowns they forced poor suitors, who came to Rome for grace or justice, to pay it, by enhancing the charges of their bulls: the army of their Registers, Notaries, Protonotaries, Inditers, Writers, Abridgers, Dataries, Rescribendaries, Accounters, Solicitors, 5Plummers, Regarders, Regents, Poursuivants, Clerks of their Ceremonies, Clerks of their chamber, Clerks of their exchequer, and infinite other peasants they have kept in wages with the price of Christians blood: they have raised an yearly and ordinary revenue of first fruits, of tithes, of the goods of Abbots, Bishops, and Cardinals deceased, which they have seized upon, as executors, and when they have licensed them to make testaments, yet have they kept them selves a share, as, of every Cardinal (beside five hundred ducats which he payeth for his 6ring) all his chapel-jewels, ornaments, and vessels, whether of gold or silver, crosses, candlesticks, chalices, Images, and other such escheats:
neither being satisfied by this exchaunge with the liuing, they haue sold their wares vnto the dead also (but ye liuing must pay for them,) so many crownes, so many soules to be forgiuen all their sinnes, and rid out of the paines of purgatorie. Thirdly, by disposing of the Church-goods, which they haue conueyed (as cthe vniust, but wise steward ▪) from the Lord to serue them selues: they haue charged the liuinges of Churches and Churchmen with pensions, tributes, subsidies: they haue exacted of them fifteenes, tenthes, fiftes, thirdes, moyities of their substance, to the maintenance of warres which they haue waged with the Emperours: they haue robbed benefices to enrich Abbeies by appropriations, that afterwarde themselues might gleane the greater fruit of Abbeyes: they haue made Prelates, and such as would be Prelates, to compound with them selues, for 4palls, for crosier-staues, for miters, for ringes, for signing of billes, and to compound with their seruants for writing, perusing, subscribing, allowing, conferring, registring, taxing, receyuing, keeping, deliuering, and for the coarde and lead, wherewith their bulles are tyed and sealed: they haue deuised new officers, ⟨p. 391⟩yea new heardes and companies of officers in their chauncery, purposely to this intent that they might sell those roomes, the which being sold for many thousand crownes they forced poore suters, who came to Rome for grace or iustice, to pay it, by enhauncing the charges of their bulles: the armie of their Registers, Notaries, Protonotaries, Enditers, Writers, Abridgers, Dataries, Rescribendaries, Accounters, Soliciters, 5Plummers, Regarders, Regentes, Poursuiuants, Clerkes of their Ceremonies, Clerkes of their chamber, Clerkes of their eschequer, and infinite other peasantes they haue kept in wages with the price of Christians bloud: they haue raised an yearely and ordinarie reuenue of first fruites, of tithes, of the goods of Abbats, Bishops, and Cardinals deceased, which they haue seazed vpon, as exectors, and when they haue licensed them to make testaments, yet haue they kept them selues a share, as, of euery Cardinall (beside fiue hundred ducates which he payeth for his 6ring) all his chappell-iewels, ornaments, and vessels, whether of gold or siluer, crosses, candlestickes, chalices, Images, and other such eschetes:
4Pa•les are little tipets made of holy wool of the Popes lambs. A toad whereof is worth him more then a kings ransom. For the power of Archbishops & Patriarchs doth lye in them. And they who will weare them, must fetch them far, and buy them •eare.Pa•les are litle tipets made of holy wooll of the Popes lambes. A todde wherof is worth him more then a kinges ransom. For the power of Archbishops & Patriarkes doth lye in them. And they who will weare them, must fetch them far, and buye them •eare.
5Plumba•• res. So they call the clerks of the signet, because they seal with leadPlumba•• res. So they cal the cle•kes of the signet, because they seale with lead
6The Pope doth give a ring to him whom he createth Cardinal. And for that ring the Cardinal at his death must pay the Pope five hundred ducats ▪ which is some what dearer then goldsmiths sell them in cheapside.The Pope doth giue a ring to him whom he createth Cardinal. And for that ring the Cardinall at his death must pay the Pope fiue hundred ducats ▪ which is some what deerer then goldsmiths sell them in cheapside.
and, in a word, their gins & hooks have been so many to get the goods of men out of all coasts, into their coffers, that da Roman Courtier saith, *the Popes exchequer is like unto the Sea, whereinto all rivers do run, and yet it overfloweth not. Fourthly, by abusing of the Church censures: for what else should I call it? when they have used them as instruments of violence, to compass all that they did covet. If any, either Patron, or Bishop, or Archbishop refused to commit the charge of English flocks to Roman pastors, or rather wolves: if any reproved the wicked sale and godless chaffer of their dispensations, absolutions, pardons: if any would not yield to pay them such taxes as they required by their legates, their merchants, their collectors, their nuntios, spies, & poursuivants: straight, as the person was, so came a censure out against him, either suspension from administering his office, or interditement from use of Church-service, or excommunication from the fellowship of Christians, or citing him to Rome to chastise him by correption, or denouncing him an heretic if he continued rebellious, and then the secular power must burn him. A practise so common, that ordinarily the Auditor of the Popes Exchequer is authorized to excommunicate and execute other ⟨p. 392⟩censures, if the Courtesans, (who pay tribute for license to be common whores) & other farmers of holy rents, keep not touch in bringing in. And because these censures have not prevailed always to achieve their purposes: therefore as they enlarged them against civill powers to purchase somewhat thence, (as from the king of England, beside his Peter-pence, a thousand marks yearly, which yet was but a petty-larceny:) so they strengthened them against ecclesiastical by the oath of fealty (which they have won of Prelates,) to maintain the Papacy and royalties of S. Peter. Chiefly by winding in authority withal, that they may deprive them, and none may deprive Bishops, but they. That if Bishops will not agree to them in all things, when they are commanded in virtue of obedience: yet for fear of losing their livings and promotions, yea their liberty, yea their life, (if they be in the Popes subjection) they may learn to serve their Lord. But the head of all, whereby those wild boars have made the chiefest wast of the Lords vineyard, is the fifth and last point:
and, in a word, their ginnes & hookes haue béene so many to get the goods of men out of al coastes, into their coffers, that da Roman Courtier saith, *the Popes eschequer is like vnto the Sea, whereinto all riuers doo runne, and yet it ouerfloweth not. Fourthly, by abusing of the Churchcensures: for what els should I call it? when they haue vsed them as instruments of violence, to compasse all that they did couet. If any, eyther Patrone, or Bishop, or Archbishop refused to commit the charge of English flockes to Roman pastors, or rather woolues: if any reproued the wicked sale and godlesse chaffer of their dispensations, absolutions, pardons: if any would not yeelde to pay them such taxes as they required by their legats, their marchants, their collectors, their nuntios, spies, & poursuiuāts: straight, as ye person was, so came a censure out against him, either suspension from administring his office, or interditement from vse of Church-seruice, or excommunication from the felowship of Christians, or citing him to Rome to chastise him by correption, or denouncing him an heretike if he continued rebellious, and then the secular power must burne him. A practise so common, that ordinarily the Auditour of the Popes Eschequer is autorized to excommunicate and execute other ⟨p. 392⟩censures, if the Courtisans, (who pay tribute for license to bee common whoores) & other farmers of holy rents, kepe not touch in bringing in. And because these censures haue not preuailed alwayes to atchieue their purposes: therefore as they enlarged them against ciuill powers to purchase somewhat thence, (as from the king of England, beside his Peter-pence, a thousand markes yearely, which yet was but a pety-larceny:) so they strengthned them against ecclesiasticall by the othe of fealty (which they haue woon of Prelats,) to maintaine the Papacie and royalties of S. Peter. Chiefly by winding in autoritie withal, that they may depriue them, and none may depriue Bishops, but they. That if Bishops will not agrée to them in all thinges, when they are commanded in vertue of obedience: yet for feare of léesing their liuinges and promotions, yea their libertie, yea their life, (if they be in the Popes subiection) they may learne to serue their Lord. But the head of all, whereby those wilde boares haue made the chiefest wast of the Lordes vineyarde, is the fifth and last point:
dTheodoric. a Niem in Nemor. union. T•act. 6. cap. 37.Theodori•. a Niem in Nemor. vnion. T•act. 6. cap. 37.
*Camera Apo•to ica assimilatur mari. in quod intrant omnia flumina, & non inundat.
their making and establishing of the Church-laws. For if they had done, and only done these villainies: they might seem to have done them, as men, not as Popes; and it might be hoped, when one tyrant were gone, the next would govern well. But they have confirmed the doing of them by their laws, and procured those laws to be received as canons & rules of the Church-government: their Decretals, their Clementines, their Extravagants, in deed extravagant, their constitutions Apostolic, and their unruly rules of the Apostolic chancery. The gross intent and practise whereof is so palpable, that Budaeus, a learned lawyer, the French kings secretary, making a complaint of the great disorder of the Popes, and clergy, doth lay the blame thereof upon their laws and jurisdiction. eIt is grown (saith he) so much out of kind from the ancient love, that where there was wont to be a motherly lap of equity and goodness, there seemeth now to be 1a shop of law-quarrels, and lewder means to gain by. Thence come those snares of processes, and cautions of the Popes ordinances, 2devised to deceive the household of the Lord. Thence come the punishments of sin by the purse, to the increase of Prelates profits. Thence 3the sacrilegious & cursed sales of those things ⟨p. 393⟩which cannot be brought into mens traffic without abomination. I omit 4their dispensations, which give leave for money to sin without punishment, and licence the breach of sacred laws for filthy lucre. So the holy canons and rules of church discipline, made in better times to guide the life of clergy men: are now become 5leaden rules, such as Aristotle saith the rules of Lesbian building were. For as leaden and soft rules do not direct the building with an equal tenor, but are bowed to the building at the lust of the builders: so are the Popes canons made flexible as lead and wax, that 6now this great while the decrees of our ancestors, and the Popes canons serve not to guide mens manners, but (that I may so say) 7to make a bank and get money. These things *wrote Budaeus, before Luther stirred against the Popes pardons. So manifestly tended the laws of the Popes to their own profit, and not to the Churches, even in the eyes of sober Papists. And thus have you the sum of that which I said you might learn by the writings of your own men, Onuphrius, and Sansovinus.
their making and establishing of the Church-lawes. For if they had doon, and onely doon these vilanies: they might séeme to haue doon them, as men, not as Popes; and it might be hoped, when one tyrant were gone, the next would gouerne well. But they haue confirmed the dooing of them by their lawes, and procured those lawes to be receiued as canons & rules of the Church-gouernment: their Decretals, their Clementines, their Extrauagants, in déed extrauagant, their constitutions Apostolike, and their vnruly rules of the Apostolike chauncerie. The grosse intent and practise whereof is so palpable, that Budaeus, a learned lawier, the French kinges secretarie, making a complaint of the great disorder of the Popes, and clergie, doth lay the blame thereof vpon their lawes and iurisdiction. eIt is growne (saith he) so much out of kinde from the auncient loue, that where there was wont to be a motherly lappe of equitie and goodnes, there seemeth now to be 1a shoppe of law-quarels, and lewder meanes to gaine by. Thence come those snares of processes, and cautions of the Popes ordinances, 2deuised to deceiue the houshold of the Lord. Thence come the punishments of sinne by the purse, to the encrease of Prelates profits. Thence 3the sacrilegious & cursed sales of those things ⟨p. 393⟩which cannot be brought into mens traffike without abomination. I omit 4their dispensations, which giue leaue for money to sinne without punishment, and licence the breach of sacred lawes for filthie lucre. So the holy canons and rules of church discipline, made in better times to guide the life of cle•gie men: are now become 5leaden rules, such as Aristotle saith the rules of Lesbian building were. For as leaden and soft rules doo not direct the building with an equall tenour, but are bowed to the building at the lust of the builders: so are the Popes canons made flexible as lead and waxe, that 6now this great while the decrees of our auncestors, and the Popes canons serue not to guide mens maners, but (that I may so say)
eGulielmus Budaeus de asse & partibus eius, lib. 5.
1Litium officina capturarū que improb•orum.Litium officina capturarū que improb•orum.
2Ad circumscribendam familiam Domini concinnatae.Ad circumscribendam familiam Domini cōcinnatae.
3Sacrilegae mundinae.
4Tesseras non modó veniales sed etiam •ae•• les.
5In amusse• plumbea• e•asisle, •uis non videt•
6Jam diu.Iam diu.
7Arg•ntariae facutandae.
*In the year of Christ 1514. about a three years before •eo the tenth grew to that outrage which Luther dealt against. […] lib. 13. Slei•an. lib. 1.In the yere of Christ 1514. about a three yeares before •eo the tenth grew to that outrage which Luther dealt against. 〈…〉 lib. 13. Slei•an. lib. 1.
For whereas the Fathers of the Council of Basil, intending and endeavouring to reform the Church, did straiten the fullness of the Popes power, by fcutting off the most of his reservations, all his gadvowsons, and hcompositions; by abridging his icitations, kdispensations, lappeals, mthe number and livings of his Cardinals; and chiefly by ndefining (after the oCouncil of Constance,) that the Pope is bound to obey the Council, and so is subject to it: pOnuphrius saith thereof, that they under pretence of reforming the church did seek to take away and abrogate altogether the most of 1the privileges of the church of Rome, yea them that were 2most needful. Which sentence bewrayeth the mysteries that I spake off, if it be marked well. Chiefly, if it be joined with his qdiscourse of Cardinals, and rstory of the Popes lives: wherein he declareth to what end they used those most needful privileges. Howbeit, in *their practise of the fowlest of them, he is somewhat close: and partly doth smooth them, partly doth pass them over. But Sansovinus is more open: though as a friend also of the Popes state. ⟨p. 394⟩For, setting forth sthe government of the Court of Rome, first, in the Consistory; next, in the Penitentiary; then, in the Courts of requests, one of grace, the other of justice; afterward, in the Chancery; and last of all in the Exchequer: he toucheth in effect as much as I have said of the excesses of the Popes, in ordaining the officers, dealing with the causes, disposing the goods, abusing the censures, and making laws of the Church. Yea, a point more; which showeth manifestly their growing out of kind from Bishoply state to Princely: to wit, that there is an ordinary Prelate, called *the Vicar of Rome, to whom they have committed the charge of all those things within the Roman diocese, that belong to any Bishop in his diocese, and so to them in theirs, as Bishops of Rome properly. In fine, if any branch of the particular points, wherewith I have charged them, be not so plain and full in Sansovinus, or Onuphrius: I shall declare it farther, and prove it, if you will, by the records, and testimonies of your own tChroniclers, uAntiquaries, xLawyers, yDoctors, and zPopes. Whereupon I am content to make even your self judge, M.
For whereas the Fathers of the Councell of Basill, entending and endeuouring to reforme the Church, did straiten the fulnes of the Popes power, by fcutting off the most of his reseruations, all his gaduowsons, and hcompositions; by abbridging his icitations, kdispensations, lappeales, mthe number and liuinges of his Cardinals; and chiefly by ndefining (after the oCouncell of Constance,) that the Pope is bound to obey the Councell, and so is subiect to it: pOnuphrius saith thereof, that they vnder pretense of reforming the church did seeke to take away and abrogate altogether the most of 1the priuileges of the church of Rome, yea them that were 2most needfull. Which sentence bewrayeth the mysteries that I spake off, if it be marked well. Chiefly, if it be ioyned with his qdiscourse of Cardinals, and rstorie of the Popes liues: wherein he declareth to what end they vsed those most needful priuileges. Howbeit, in *their practise of the fowlest of them, hee is somewhat close: and partly doth smooth them, partly doth passe them ouer. But Sansouinus is more open: though as a fréend also of the Popes state. ⟨p. 394⟩
fConcil. Basil. Session. 7.12.23. & 31.
gSess. 31.
hSess. 12.21. & 23.
iSess. 31.
kSess. 26.
lSess. 20. & 31.
mSess. 4. & 23.
nSess. 2.3.18.26.31▪ & 33▪
oConcil. Constant. Sess. 4. & •
pIn •oman. Pontif. & Cardinalib.
1Privilegi•.Priuilegi•.
2Magis necessaria.
qDe episcop. tit. & diacon. Cardinalium.
rIn vitis Po• tificum ad•unctis Platinae.
*As namely in the lives of Alexā •er ye sixth and Leo […] tenth.As namely in the liues of Alexā •er ye sixth and Leo 〈…〉 tenth.
sGoverno della Corte Roman. Del gou. de reg. & delle repub. lib. 11.Gouerno della Corte Roman. Del gou. de reg. & delle repub. lib. 11.
Hart, (if the bogs of Popery have not quenched all sparkles of conscience, and judgement in you,) whether that the Pope hath not erred in office, and changed his Bishops See into a Princes Court, and usurped the power of imperial State through shows of Church-government: by rebelling against the Emperor, and wresting his dominions from him; by for•ing kings, and nations to serve him, as vassals; by robbing peoples of their pastors, pastors of their livings, the rude of instruction, the loose of correction, the distressed of comfort, the poor of relief and (to conclude) the Christian Church of doctrine, discipline, and hospitality.
⟨p. 395⟩John Rainoldes to the Christian reader.
When I sent this part of our conference to M. Hart, that, if any thing in his own speeches were not to his mind, he might add, or alter, as he thought good: I penned not his answer to my former speech, but wrote these words under it.
I pray, M. Hart, make and pen your own answer to this last speech of mine. If you can justify the Pope in those things which I have laid unto his charge: I will subscribe to all Popery. If you cannot: acknowledge his supremacy to be unlawful.
John Rainoldes.
To this request, & offer, M. Hart sent me his answer in writing. Which I have set down (here following) word for word, and so have proceeded on in our conference, as he desired me to do.
If you speak unfeignedly, M. Rainoldes, as I trust you do:1 I must love you the better for your plain dealing in so weighty a matter. That you do not see how the Pope may be justified, (I speak not of his naughty and corrupt manners, but of his supreme and sovereign authority, which is, as I take it, agreeable to the Scripture, and Christs own appointment:) it seemeth to me that your error herein proceedeth of a wrong persuasion, that he had not that authority by right, but usurped it. Which is not so: as I have already showed in part, and now will prove unto you farther. For it is so far off from being usurped authority, that if we will weigh things but with indifferency and in equal balance, you shall well perceive that both Emperors, and other Princes adjoining unto him, have rather usurped of his, then he of theirs. In so much that a good author doth write that through the Popes negligent looking unto ⟨p. 396⟩it, S. Peters patrimony is greatly diminished.
Hart, (if the bogges of Popery haue not quenched all sparkles of conscience, and iudgement in you,) whether that the Pope hath not erred in office, and changed his Bishops Sée into a Princes Court, and vsurped the power of imperiall State through shewes of Church-gouernment: by rebelling against the Emperour, and wresting his dominions from him; by for•ing kings, and nations to serue him, as vasals; by robbing peoples of their pastors, pastors of their liuings, the rude of instruction, the loose of correction, the distressed of comfort, the poore of reliefe and (to conclude) the Christian Church of doctrine, discipline, and hospitalitie.
⟨p. 395⟩Iohn Rainoldes to the Christian reader.
When I sent this part of our conference to M. Hart, that, if any thing in his owne speeches were not to his minde, he might adde, or alter, as he thought good: I penned not his answere to my former speech, but wrote these wordes vnder it.
I pray, M. Hart, make and penne your owne answere to this last speech of mine. If you can iustifie the Pope in those things which I haue laid vnto his charge: I will subscribe to all Popery. If you cannot: acknowlege his sumacie to be vnlawfull.
Iohn Rainoldes.
To this request, & offer, M. Hart sent me his answere in writing. Which I haue set downe (here following) word for word, and so haue proceeded on in our conference, as he desired me to doo.
If you speake vnfainedly, M. Rainoldes, as I trust you doo:1 I must loue you the better for your plaine dealing in so weightie a matter. That you doo not see how the Pope may be iustified, (I speake not of his naughtie and corrupt maners, but of his supreme and soueraine authoritie, which is, as I take it, agreeable to the Scripture, and Christes owne appointment:) it séemeth to me that your errour herein procéedeth of a wrong perswasion, that he had not that authoritie by right, but vsurped it. Which is not so: as I haue alreadie shewed in part, and now will proue vnto you farther. For it is so farre off from being vsurped authoritie, that if we will weigh thinges but with indifferencie and in equall balance, you shall well perceiue that both Emperours, and other Princes adioyning vnto him, haue rather vsurped of his, then he of theirs. In so much that a good autour doth write that through the Popes negligent looking vnto ⟨p. 396⟩it, S. Peters patrimonie is greatly diminished.
tolde them that the king, who should raigne ouer them, would play the king with them, and theirs; hee would take their sonnes and appoint them to waite vpon him, to bee his horsmen, footemen, captaines, to eare his land, to reape his haruest, to make him instruments of warre, & instruments to serue his charets; he would take their daughters to dresse him sweete ointments, and be his cookes, and bakers; hee would take their fieldes, and vineyardes, and oliue trees, the best, & giue them to his seruants; yea the tenth of their seede, and of their vineyardes, & giue it to his courtiers, and to his seruants; he would take their men, their maydes, their youth, their cattel, & put them to his worke; he would take the tenth of their flockes; and, to conclude, they should be his seruants:
the maiest•ie of the Cardinals, as of his Noble men and Counsellours, and vsed them as principall pillars of his state. He gaue to them alone the right of choosing the Pope: the people, Prince, and clergie being robbed of it. He decked them with honour of wearing redd hattes:
but receiued onely the fruites & reuenues, and caried them out of the realme: that the yearely rents of Italians in England amounted to three score thousand markes, and vpward, besides diuers other auailes, which they reaped where they sowed not:
•
6Fructus tantum percipiunt, extra regnum aspo•tantes.Fructus tantum percipiunt, ex•ra regnum aspo•tantes.
wrote Budaeus, before Luther stirred against the Popes pardons. So manifestly tended the lawes of the Popes to their owne profit, and not to the Churches, euen in the eyes of sober Papistes. And thus haue you the summe of that which I said you might learne by the writings of your owne men, Onuphrius, and Sansouinus.
the gouernment of the Court of Rome, first, in the Consistorie; next, in the Penitentiarie; then, in ye Courts of requestes, one of grace, the other of iustice; afterwarde, in the Chauncerie; and last of all in the Escheker: he toucheth in effect as much as I haue said of the excesses of the Popes, in ordeining the officers, dealing with the causes, disposing the goods, abusing the censures, and making lawes of the Church. Yea, a point more; which sheweth manifestly their growing out of kinde from Bishoply state to Princely: to wéete, that there is an ordinarie Prelate, called
the Vicar of Rome, to whom they haue commited the charge of al those thinges within the Romane diocese, that belong to any Bishop in his diocese, and so to them in theirs, as Bishops of Rome properly. In fine, if any branch of the particular pointes, wherewith I haue charged them, be not so plaine and ful in Sansouinus, or Onuphrius: I shall declare it farther, and proue it, if you will, by the records, and testimonies of your owne
Popes. Whereupon I am content to make euen your selfe iudge, M.
*
Vicario di Roma.
tMatthew Paris, and Thomas Walsingham, in the English story: Guicciardin, in the Italian: Aemylius, in the French: Krantzius, in the Saxon: Theodoric Niem, of the Popes: and so forth others, of other states & countries.Matthew Pa•is, and Thomas Walsingam, in the English storie: Guicciardin, in the Italian: Aemylius, in the French: Krantzius, in the Saxon: Theodorike Niem, of the Popes: and so forth others, of other states & countries.
uFranciscus Picus Mirand. in orat. ad Lateran. Concil. de moribus reformandis. Polyd. Virgil. de inuentoribu• rerum. Magist. ceremon. sanct. eccles. Rom. Taxae Romanae Paenitentiariae.
xCanonist. comment. & Gloss. in Jus Canonicum. Duaren. de sacris ecclesiae minist. ac benef. Petr. Rebuff▪ Praxis beneficiaria.Canonist. comment. & Gloss. in Ius Canonicum. Duaren. de sacris ecclesiae minist. ac benef. Petr. Rebuff▪ Praxis beneficiaria.
yDurand. de modo celebrand. concil. gener. Petr. de Aliac. Card. de reformat. eccles. Hieron. Pauli Barchinon. Practica cancel a••e Apost. Fran. Victoria •elect. 2. & 4. Concilium delectorum Cardinalium.Durand. de modo celebrand. concil. gener. Petr. de Aliac. Card. de reformat. eccles. Hieron. Pauli Barchinon. Practica cancell a••e Apost. Fran. Victoria •elect. 2. & 4. Concilium delectorum Cardinalium.
zPope Gregory the much, Boniface the eighth, Clemens the fifth, and the rest who were authors of the Decretals, Clementines, and Extravagants. Pope Pius the second, in Epist. praesertim de moribus German. Pope Leo the tenth▪ in Concil. Lateran Session. 9.10. & 11. Pope Paul ye third, in Reg. Cancellar. Apost. Pope Julius the third, in perpet. constitut. de quingentis ducatis Cardinalium. Pope Pius the fifth and Gregory the thirteenth in Ecloge Bullar. & Motu proprior.Pope Gregorie the much, Boniface the eighth, Clemens the fifth, and the rest who were autours of the Decretals, Clementines, and Extrauagants. Pope Pius the second, in Epist. praesertim de moribus German. Pope Leo the tenth▪ in Concil. Lateran Session. 9.10. & 11. Pope Paul ye third, in Reg. Cancellar. Apost. Pope Iulius the third, in perpet. constitut. de quingentis ducatis Cardinalium. Pope Pius the fifth and Gregorie the thirteenth in Ecloge Bullar. & Motu proprior.
