The sum of the conference between John Rainoldes and John Hart touching the head…The summe of the conference betwene Iohn Rainoldes and Iohn Hart touching the head…
The sum of the conference between John Rainoldes and John Hart touching the head and the faith of the Church. Wherein by the way are handled sundry points, of the sufficiency and right expounding of the Scriptures, the ministry of the Church, the function of priesthood, the sacrifice of the mass, with other controversies of religion: but chiefly and purposely the point of Church-government ... Penned by John Rainoldes, according to the notes set down in writing by them both: perused by John Hart, and (after things supplied, & altered, as he thought good) allowed for the faithful report of that which past in conference between them. Whereunto is annexed a treatise entitled, Six conclusions touching the Holy Scripture and the Church, written by John Rainoldes. With a defence of such things as Thomas Stapleton and Gregory Martin have carped at therein.The summe of the conference betwene Iohn Rainoldes and Iohn Hart touching the head and the faith of the Church. Wherein by the way are handled sundrie points, of the sufficiencie and right expounding of the Scriptures, the ministerie of the Church, the function of priesthood, the sacrifice of the masse, with other controuerises of religion: but chiefly and purposely the point of Church-gouernment ... Penned by Iohn Rainoldes, according to the notes set downe in writing by them both: perused by Iohn Hart, and (after things supplied, & altered, as he thought good) allowed for the faithfull report of that which past in conference betwene them. Whereunto is annexed a treatise intitled, Six conclusions touching the Holie Scripture and the Church, writen by Iohn Rainoldes. With a defence of such thinges as Thomas Stapleton and Gregorie Martin haue carped at therein.
John Rainolds 1549–1607Londini: printed by John Wolfe, 1584Londini: printed by Iohn Wolfe, 1584
475, [1], 479-674, 659-750 p. · 304k words · STC 20626 · ESTC S115546
Modern spelling is a reading aid: the words are the author’s, only the spelling is modernized. Original shows the page as printed, with the transcription marks.
neither being satisfied by this exchange with the living, they have sold their wares unto the dead also (but the living must pay for them,) so many crowns, so many souls to be forgiven all their sins, and rid out of the pains of purgatory. Thirdly, by disposing of the Church-goods, which they have conveyed (as cthe unjust, but wise steward ▪) from the Lord to serve them selves: they have charged the livings of Churches and Churchmen with pensions, tributes, subsidies: they have exacted of them fifteens, tenths, fifths, thirds, moieties of their substance, to the maintenance of wars which they have waged with the Emperors: they have robbed benefices to enrich Abbeys by appropriations, that afterward themselves might glean the greater fruit of Abbeys: they have made Prelates, and such as would be Prelates, to compound with them selves, for 4palls, for crosier-staves, for mitres, for rings, for signing of bills, and to compound with their servants for writing, perusing, subscribing, allowing, conferring, registering, taxing, receiving, keeping, delivering, and for the cord and lead, wherewith their bulls are tied and sealed: they have devised new officers, ⟨p. 391⟩yea new herds and companies of officers in their chancery, purposely to this intent that they might sell those rooms, the which being sold for many thousand crowns they forced poor suitors, who came to Rome for grace or justice, to pay it, by enhancing the charges of their bulls: the army of their Registers, Notaries, Protonotaries, Inditers, Writers, Abridgers, Dataries, Rescribendaries, Accounters, Solicitors, 5Plummers, Regarders, Regents, Poursuivants, Clerks of their Ceremonies, Clerks of their chamber, Clerks of their exchequer, and infinite other peasants they have kept in wages with the price of Christians blood: they have raised an yearly and ordinary revenue of first fruits, of tithes, of the goods of Abbots, Bishops, and Cardinals deceased, which they have seized upon, as executors, and when they have licensed them to make testaments, yet have they kept them selves a share, as, of every Cardinal (beside five hundred ducats which he payeth for his
ring) all his chapel-jewels, ornaments, and vessels, whether of gold or silver, crosses, candlesticks, chalices, Images, and other such escheats:
neither being satisfied by this exchaunge with the liuing, they haue sold their wares vnto the dead also (but ye liuing must pay for them,) so many crownes, so many soules to be forgiuen all their sinnes, and rid out of the paines of purgatorie. Thirdly, by disposing of the Church-goods, which they haue conueyed (as cthe vniust, but wise steward ▪) from the Lord to serue them selues: they haue charged the liuinges of Churches and Churchmen with pensions, tributes, subsidies: they haue exacted of them fifteenes, tenthes, fiftes, thirdes, moyities of their substance, to the maintenance of warres which they haue waged with the Emperours: they haue robbed benefices to enrich Abbeies by appropriations, that afterwarde themselues might gleane the greater fruit of Abbeyes: they haue made Prelates, and such as would be Prelates, to compound with them selues, for 4palls, for crosier-staues, for miters, for ringes, for signing of billes, and to compound with their seruants for writing, perusing, subscribing, allowing, conferring, registring, taxing, receyuing, keeping, deliuering, and for the coarde and lead, wherewith their bulles are tyed and sealed: they haue deuised new officers, ⟨p. 391⟩yea new heardes and companies of officers in their chauncery, purposely to this intent that they might sell those roomes, the which being sold for many thousand crownes they forced poore suters, who came to Rome for grace or iustice, to pay it, by enhauncing the charges of their bulles: the armie of their Registers, Notaries, Protonotaries, Enditers, Writers, Abridgers, Dataries, Rescribendaries, Accounters, Soliciters, 5Plummers, Regarders, Regentes, Poursuiuants, Clerkes of their Ceremonies, Clerkes of their chamber, Clerkes of their eschequer, and infinite other peasantes they haue kept in wages with the price of Christians bloud: they haue raised an yearely and ordinarie reuenue of first fruites, of tithes, of the goods of Abbats, Bishops, and Cardinals deceased, which they haue seazed vpon, as exectors, and when they haue licensed them to make testaments, yet haue they kept them selues a share, as, of euery Cardinall (beside fiue hundred ducates which he payeth for his 6ring) all his chappell-iewels, ornaments, and vessels, whether of gold or siluer, crosses, candlestickes, chalices, Images, and other such eschetes:
4Pa•les are little tipets made of holy wool of the Popes lambs. A toad whereof is worth him more then a kings ransom. For the power of Archbishops & Patriarchs doth lye in them. And they who will weare them, must fetch them far, and buy them •eare.Pa•les are litle tipets made of holy wooll of the Popes lambes. A todde wherof is worth him more then a kinges ransom. For the power of Archbishops & Patriarkes doth lye in them. And they who will weare them, must fetch them far, and buye them •eare.
5Plumba•• res. So they call the clerks of the signet, because they seal with leadPlumba•• res. So they cal the cle•kes of the signet, because they seale with lead
6The Pope doth give a ring to him whom he createth Cardinal. And for that ring the Cardinal at his death must pay the Pope five hundred ducats ▪ which is some what dearer then goldsmiths sell them in cheapside.The Pope doth giue a ring to him whom he createth Cardinal. And for that ring the Cardinall at his death must pay the Pope fiue hundred ducats ▪ which is some what deerer then goldsmiths sell them in cheapside.
and, in a word, their gins & hooks have been so many to get the goods of men out of all coasts, into their coffers, that da Roman Courtier saith, *the Popes exchequer is like unto the Sea, whereinto all rivers do run, and yet it overfloweth not. Fourthly, by abusing of the Church censures: for what else should I call it? when they have used them as instruments of violence, to compass all that they did covet. If any, either Patron, or Bishop, or Archbishop refused to commit the charge of English flocks to Roman pastors, or rather wolves: if any reproved the wicked sale and godless chaffer of their dispensations, absolutions, pardons: if any would not yield to pay them such taxes as they required by their legates, their merchants, their collectors, their nuntios, spies, & poursuivants: straight, as the person was, so came a censure out against him, either suspension from administering his office, or interditement from use of Church-service, or excommunication from the fellowship of Christians, or citing him to Rome to chastise him by correption, or denouncing him an heretic if he continued rebellious, and then the secular power must burn him. A practise so common, that ordinarily the Auditor of the Popes Exchequer is authorized to excommunicate and execute other ⟨p. 392⟩censures, if the Courtesans, (who pay tribute for license to be common whores) & other farmers of holy rents, keep not touch in bringing in. And because these censures have not prevailed always to achieve their purposes: therefore as they enlarged them against civill powers to purchase somewhat thence, (as from the king of England, beside his Peter-pence, a thousand marks yearly, which yet was but a petty-larceny:) so they strengthened them against ecclesiastical by the oath of fealty (which they have won of Prelates,) to maintain the Papacy and royalties of S. Peter. Chiefly by winding in authority withal, that they may deprive them, and none may deprive Bishops, but they. That if Bishops will not agree to them in all things, when they are commanded in virtue of obedience: yet for fear of losing their livings and promotions, yea their liberty, yea their life, (if they be in the Popes subjection) they may learn to serve their Lord. But the head of all, whereby those wild boars have made the chiefest wast of the Lords vineyard, is the fifth and last point:
and, in a word, their ginnes & hookes haue béene so many to get the goods of men out of al coastes, into their coffers, that da Roman Courtier saith, *the Popes eschequer is like vnto the Sea, whereinto all riuers doo runne, and yet it ouerfloweth not. Fourthly, by abusing of the Churchcensures: for what els should I call it? when they haue vsed them as instruments of violence, to compasse all that they did couet. If any, eyther Patrone, or Bishop, or Archbishop refused to commit the charge of English flockes to Roman pastors, or rather woolues: if any reproued the wicked sale and godlesse chaffer of their dispensations, absolutions, pardons: if any would not yeelde to pay them such taxes as they required by their legats, their marchants, their collectors, their nuntios, spies, & poursuiuāts: straight, as ye person was, so came a censure out against him, either suspension from administring his office, or interditement from vse of Church-seruice, or excommunication from the felowship of Christians, or citing him to Rome to chastise him by correption, or denouncing him an heretike if he continued rebellious, and then the secular power must burne him. A practise so common, that ordinarily the Auditour of the Popes Eschequer is autorized to excommunicate and execute other ⟨p. 392⟩censures, if the Courtisans, (who pay tribute for license to bee common whoores) & other farmers of holy rents, kepe not touch in bringing in. And because these censures haue not preuailed alwayes to atchieue their purposes: therefore as they enlarged them against ciuill powers to purchase somewhat thence, (as from the king of England, beside his Peter-pence, a thousand markes yearely, which yet was but a pety-larceny:) so they strengthned them against ecclesiasticall by the othe of fealty (which they haue woon of Prelats,) to maintaine the Papacie and royalties of S. Peter. Chiefly by winding in autoritie withal, that they may depriue them, and none may depriue Bishops, but they. That if Bishops will not agrée to them in all thinges, when they are commanded in vertue of obedience: yet for feare of léesing their liuinges and promotions, yea their libertie, yea their life, (if they be in the Popes subiection) they may learne to serue their Lord. But the head of all, whereby those wilde boares haue made the chiefest wast of the Lordes vineyarde, is the fifth and last point:
dTheodoric. a Niem in Nemor. union. T•act. 6. cap. 37.Theodori•. a Niem in Nemor. vnion. T•act. 6. cap. 37.
*Camera Apo•to ica assimilatur mari. in quod intrant omnia flumina, & non inundat.
their making and establishing of the Church-laws. For if they had done, and only done these villainies: they might seem to have done them, as men, not as Popes; and it might be hoped, when one tyrant were gone, the next would govern well. But they have confirmed the doing of them by their laws, and procured those laws to be received as canons & rules of the Church-government: their Decretals, their Clementines, their Extravagants, in deed extravagant, their constitutions Apostolic, and their unruly rules of the Apostolic chancery. The gross intent and practise whereof is so palpable, that Budaeus, a learned lawyer, the French kings secretary, making a complaint of the great disorder of the Popes, and clergy, doth lay the blame thereof upon their laws and jurisdiction. eIt is grown (saith he) so much out of kind from the ancient love, that where there was wont to be a motherly lap of equity and goodness, there seemeth now to be 1a shop of law-quarrels, and lewder means to gain by. Thence come those snares of processes, and cautions of the Popes ordinances, 2devised to deceive the household of the Lord. Thence come the punishments of sin by the purse, to the increase of Prelates profits. Thence 3the sacrilegious & cursed sales of those things ⟨p. 393⟩which cannot be brought into mens traffic without abomination. I omit 4their dispensations, which give leave for money to sin without punishment, and licence the breach of sacred laws for filthy lucre. So the holy canons and rules of church discipline, made in better times to guide the life of clergy men: are now become 5leaden rules, such as Aristotle saith the rules of Lesbian building were. For as leaden and soft rules do not direct the building with an equal tenor, but are bowed to the building at the lust of the builders: so are the Popes canons made flexible as lead and wax, that 6now this great while the decrees of our ancestors, and the Popes canons serve not to guide mens manners, but (that I may so say) 7to make a bank and get money. These things *wrote Budaeus, before Luther stirred against the Popes pardons. So manifestly tended the laws of the Popes to their own profit, and not to the Churches, even in the eyes of sober Papists. And thus have you the sum of that which I said you might learn by the writings of your own men, Onuphrius, and Sansovinus.
their making and establishing of the Church-lawes. For if they had doon, and onely doon these vilanies: they might séeme to haue doon them, as men, not as Popes; and it might be hoped, when one tyrant were gone, the next would gouerne well. But they haue confirmed the dooing of them by their lawes, and procured those lawes to be receiued as canons & rules of the Church-gouernment: their Decretals, their Clementines, their Extrauagants, in déed extrauagant, their constitutions Apostolike, and their vnruly rules of the Apostolike chauncerie. The grosse intent and practise whereof is so palpable, that Budaeus, a learned lawier, the French kinges secretarie, making a complaint of the great disorder of the Popes, and clergie, doth lay the blame thereof vpon their lawes and iurisdiction. eIt is growne (saith he) so much out of kinde from the auncient loue, that where there was wont to be a motherly lappe of equitie and goodnes, there seemeth now to be 1a shoppe of law-quarels, and lewder meanes to gaine by. Thence come those snares of processes, and cautions of the Popes ordinances, 2deuised to deceiue the houshold of the Lord. Thence come the punishments of sinne by the purse, to the encrease of Prelates profits. Thence 3the sacrilegious & cursed sales of those things ⟨p. 393⟩which cannot be brought into mens traffike without abomination. I omit 4their dispensations, which giue leaue for money to sinne without punishment, and licence the breach of sacred lawes for filthie lucre. So the holy canons and rules of church discipline, made in better times to guide the life of cle•gie men: are now become 5leaden rules, such as Aristotle saith the rules of Lesbian building were. For as leaden and soft rules doo not direct the building with an equall tenour, but are bowed to the building at the lust of the builders: so are the Popes canons made flexible as lead and waxe, that 6now this great while the decrees of our auncestors, and the Popes canons serue not to guide mens maners, but (that I may so say)
eGulielmus Budaeus de asse & partibus eius, lib. 5.
1Litium officina capturarū que improb•orum.Litium officina capturarū que improb•orum.
2Ad circumscribendam familiam Domini concinnatae.Ad circumscribendam familiam Domini cōcinnatae.
3Sacrilegae mundinae.
4Tesseras non modó veniales sed etiam •ae•• les.
5In amusse• plumbea• e•asisle, •uis non videt•
6Jam diu.Iam diu.
7Arg•ntariae facutandae.
*In the year of Christ 1514. about a three years before •eo the tenth grew to that outrage which Luther dealt against. […] lib. 13. Slei•an. lib. 1.In the yere of Christ 1514. about a three yeares before •eo the tenth grew to that outrage which Luther dealt against. 〈…〉 lib. 13. Slei•an. lib. 1.
For whereas the Fathers of the Council of Basil, intending and endeavouring to reform the Church, did straiten the fullness of the Popes power, by fcutting off the most of his reservations, all his gadvowsons, and hcompositions; by abridging his icitations, kdispensations, lappeals, mthe number and livings of his Cardinals; and chiefly by ndefining (after the oCouncil of Constance,) that the Pope is bound to obey the Council, and so is subject to it: pOnuphrius saith thereof, that they under pretence of reforming the church did seek to take away and abrogate altogether the most of 1the privileges of the church of Rome, yea them that were 2most needful. Which sentence bewrayeth the mysteries that I spake off, if it be marked well. Chiefly, if it be joined with his qdiscourse of Cardinals, and rstory of the Popes lives: wherein he declareth to what end they used those most needful privileges. Howbeit, in *their practise of the fowlest of them, he is somewhat close: and partly doth smooth them, partly doth pass them over. But Sansovinus is more open: though as a friend also of the Popes state. ⟨p. 394⟩For, setting forth sthe government of the Court of Rome, first, in the Consistory; next, in the Penitentiary; then, in the Courts of requests, one of grace, the other of justice; afterward, in the Chancery; and last of all in the Exchequer: he toucheth in effect as much as I have said of the excesses of the Popes, in ordaining the officers, dealing with the causes, disposing the goods, abusing the censures, and making laws of the Church. Yea, a point more; which showeth manifestly their growing out of kind from Bishoply state to Princely: to wit, that there is an ordinary Prelate, called *the Vicar of Rome, to whom they have committed the charge of all those things within the Roman diocese, that belong to any Bishop in his diocese, and so to them in theirs, as Bishops of Rome properly. In fine, if any branch of the particular points, wherewith I have charged them, be not so plain and full in Sansovinus, or Onuphrius: I shall declare it farther, and prove it, if you will, by the records, and testimonies of your own tChroniclers, uAntiquaries, xLawyers, yDoctors, and zPopes. Whereupon I am content to make even your self judge, M.
For whereas the Fathers of the Councell of Basill, entending and endeuouring to reforme the Church, did straiten the fulnes of the Popes power, by fcutting off the most of his reseruations, all his gaduowsons, and hcompositions; by abbridging his icitations, kdispensations, lappeales, mthe number and liuinges of his Cardinals; and chiefly by ndefining (after the oCouncell of Constance,) that the Pope is bound to obey the Councell, and so is subiect to it: pOnuphrius saith thereof, that they vnder pretense of reforming the church did seeke to take away and abrogate altogether the most of 1the priuileges of the church of Rome, yea them that were 2most needfull. Which sentence bewrayeth the mysteries that I spake off, if it be marked well. Chiefly, if it be ioyned with his qdiscourse of Cardinals, and rstorie of the Popes liues: wherein he declareth to what end they vsed those most needful priuileges. Howbeit, in *their practise of the fowlest of them, hee is somewhat close: and partly doth smooth them, partly doth passe them ouer. But Sansouinus is more open: though as a fréend also of the Popes state. ⟨p. 394⟩
fConcil. Basil. Session. 7.12.23. & 31.
gSess. 31.
hSess. 12.21. & 23.
iSess. 31.
kSess. 26.
lSess. 20. & 31.
mSess. 4. & 23.
nSess. 2.3.18.26.31▪ & 33▪
oConcil. Constant. Sess. 4. & •
pIn •oman. Pontif. & Cardinalib.
1Privilegi•.Priuilegi•.
2Magis necessaria.
qDe episcop. tit. & diacon. Cardinalium.
rIn vitis Po• tificum ad•unctis Platinae.
*As namely in the lives of Alexā •er ye sixth and Leo […] tenth.As namely in the liues of Alexā •er ye sixth and Leo 〈…〉 tenth.
sGoverno della Corte Roman. Del gou. de reg. & delle repub. lib. 11.Gouerno della Corte Roman. Del gou. de reg. & delle repub. lib. 11.
Hart, (if the bogs of Popery have not quenched all sparkles of conscience, and judgement in you,) whether that the Pope hath not erred in office, and changed his Bishops See into a Princes Court, and usurped the power of imperial State through shows of Church-government: by rebelling against the Emperor, and wresting his dominions from him; by for•ing kings, and nations to serve him, as vassals; by robbing peoples of their pastors, pastors of their livings, the rude of instruction, the loose of correction, the distressed of comfort, the poor of relief and (to conclude) the Christian Church of doctrine, discipline, and hospitality.
⟨p. 395⟩John Rainoldes to the Christian reader.
When I sent this part of our conference to M. Hart, that, if any thing in his own speeches were not to his mind, he might add, or alter, as he thought good: I penned not his answer to my former speech, but wrote these words under it.
I pray, M. Hart, make and pen your own answer to this last speech of mine. If you can justify the Pope in those things which I have laid unto his charge: I will subscribe to all Popery. If you cannot: acknowledge his supremacy to be unlawful.
John Rainoldes.
To this request, & offer, M. Hart sent me his answer in writing. Which I have set down (here following) word for word, and so have proceeded on in our conference, as he desired me to do.
If you speak unfeignedly, M. Rainoldes, as I trust you do:1 I must love you the better for your plain dealing in so weighty a matter. That you do not see how the Pope may be justified, (I speak not of his naughty and corrupt manners, but of his supreme and sovereign authority, which is, as I take it, agreeable to the Scripture, and Christs own appointment:) it seemeth to me that your error herein proceedeth of a wrong persuasion, that he had not that authority by right, but usurped it. Which is not so: as I have already showed in part, and now will prove unto you farther. For it is so far off from being usurped authority, that if we will weigh things but with indifferency and in equal balance, you shall well perceive that both Emperors, and other Princes adjoining unto him, have rather usurped of his, then he of theirs. In so much that a good author doth write that through the Popes negligent looking unto ⟨p. 396⟩it, S. Peters patrimony is greatly diminished.
Hart, (if the bogges of Popery haue not quenched all sparkles of conscience, and iudgement in you,) whether that the Pope hath not erred in office, and changed his Bishops Sée into a Princes Court, and vsurped the power of imperiall State through shewes of Church-gouernment: by rebelling against the Emperour, and wresting his dominions from him; by for•ing kings, and nations to serue him, as vasals; by robbing peoples of their pastors, pastors of their liuings, the rude of instruction, the loose of correction, the distressed of comfort, the poore of reliefe and (to conclude) the Christian Church of doctrine, discipline, and hospitalitie.
⟨p. 395⟩Iohn Rainoldes to the Christian reader.
When I sent this part of our conference to M. Hart, that, if any thing in his owne speeches were not to his minde, he might adde, or alter, as he thought good: I penned not his answere to my former speech, but wrote these wordes vnder it.
I pray, M. Hart, make and penne your owne answere to this last speech of mine. If you can iustifie the Pope in those things which I haue laid vnto his charge: I will subscribe to all Popery. If you cannot: acknowlege his sumacie to be vnlawfull.
Iohn Rainoldes.
To this request, & offer, M. Hart sent me his answere in writing. Which I haue set downe (here following) word for word, and so haue proceeded on in our conference, as he desired me to doo.
If you speake vnfainedly, M. Rainoldes, as I trust you doo:1 I must loue you the better for your plaine dealing in so weightie a matter. That you doo not see how the Pope may be iustified, (I speake not of his naughtie and corrupt maners, but of his supreme and soueraine authoritie, which is, as I take it, agreeable to the Scripture, and Christes owne appointment:) it séemeth to me that your errour herein procéedeth of a wrong perswasion, that he had not that authoritie by right, but vsurped it. Which is not so: as I haue alreadie shewed in part, and now will proue vnto you farther. For it is so farre off from being vsurped authoritie, that if we will weigh thinges but with indifferencie and in equall balance, you shall well perceiue that both Emperours, and other Princes adioyning vnto him, haue rather vsurped of his, then he of theirs. In so much that a good autour doth write that through the Popes negligent looking vnto ⟨p. 396⟩it, S. Peters patrimonie is greatly diminished.
Yea, perhaps, it is much less now at this time, (how great or how lordly soever it seem in your eye,) then it was in the very best times almost thirteen hundred years since. For, to begin with the donation of Constantine the great, he, (as Eugubinus writeth) resigned to S. Sylvester Pope and to his successors the city of Rome with all his Imperial robes, and ornaments, him self retiring to Constantinople, where he abode as in his Imperial seat, as also many other Emperors after him for many years together did, keeping still either at Constantinople in the east, or else at Milan and Ravenna in the west. And this to be a certain story of the gift of Constantine to the Bishops of Rome, besides very many witnesses which here I could cite for proof thereof, as Ammianus Marcellinus a heathen, who was sorry to see it, Photius Constantinopolitanus, no favourer of the Pope neither and a Grecian borne, Nicephorus, and many moe besides, as you may read in the Chronicles: S. Damasus, who lived about the same time, and saw Constantine himself, doth write of the said donation and gift of the Emperor. Which gift moreover, to put it out of all doubt, was confirmed a hundred years after by the Emperor Justinian, by Arithpert king of the Lombards, by king Pippin of France, Charles the great, holy king Lewes, and lastly by Otho the great at a Council holden at Ravenna, as your own men in their Centuries do grant and confess. For although they say withal that this increase of wealth in the Church of Rome began after S. Gregory's time; yet are they notably disproved by S. Gregory himself, in whose reign, (as it may probably be thought,) the Churches possessions were more then they be now at this present. And this appeareth by sundry of his epistles, where he maketh express mention of S. Peters patrimony in Africa, in Naples, in Campania, in Dalmatia, in France, in Italy, in Sicily, in Sardinia, and in many other countries. Now then whereas for this which is the greatest part, so good proofs may be made: there is no doubt but for sundry other very great and large gifts of divers Princes, many Nobles, men and women, which were bestowed upon that See, the Bishops thereof can show very good evidence when need shall require.
Yea, perhaps, it is much lesse now at this time, (how great or how lordly soeuer it seeme in your eye,) then it was in the very best times almost thirtéene hundred yeares since. For, to beginne with the donation of Constantine the great, he, (as Eugubinus writeth) resigned to S. Syluester Pope and to his successors the citie of Rome with all his Imperiall roabes, and ornaments, him selfe retyring to Constantinople, where he abode as in his Imperiall seate, as also many other Emperours after him for many yeares togither did, kéeping still either at Constantinople in the east, or els at Milan and Rauenna in the west. And this to be a certaine storie of the gift of Constantine to the Bishops of Rome, besides very many witnesses which here I could cite for proofe therof, as Ammianus Marcellinus a heathen, who was sorie to sée it, Photius Constantinopolitanus, no fauourer of the Pope neither and a Grecian borne, Nicephorus, and many moe besides, as you may reade in the Chronicles: S. Damasus, who liued about the same time, and saw Constantine himselfe, doth write of the said donation and gift of the Emperour. Which gift moreouer, to put it out of all doubt, was confirmed a hundred yeares after by the Emperour Iustinian, by Arithpert king of the Lombardes, by king Pipine of Fraunce, Charles the great, holy king Lewes, and lastly by Otho the great at a Councell holden at Rauenna, as your owne men in their Centuries doo graunt and confesse. For although they say withall that this encrease of wealth in the Church of Rome began after S. Gregories time; yet are they notably disproued by S. Gregorie himselfe, in whose reigne, (as it may probably be thought,) the Churches possessions were more then they be now at this present. And this appeereth by sundry of his epistles, where he maketh expresse mention of S. Peters patrimonie in Africke, in Naples, in Campania, in Dalmatia, in Fraunce, in Italie, in Sicilia, in Sardinia, and in many other countries. Now then whereas for this which is the greatest part, so good proofes may be made: there is no doubt but for sundry other very great and large giftes of diuers Princes, many Nobles, men and women, which were bestowed vpon that Sée, the Bishops thereof can shew very good euidence when nede shall require.
Marry, if any of all the Bishops that ever were in that seat, flowing thus in wealth, abused the same to any evil ⟨p. 397⟩purpose, or else their authority when they were become so mighty, in any of the points which are mentioned by you: I am so far off from justifying them therein, that rather I r•w to see it and I condemn them therefore. But thereof we shall have occasion to treat more particularly in the chapters following. Only this is it which I go about to prove and defend in them, that because of Christs promise, of building his Church upon that rock; and prayer also that their faith should not fail, they never erred in judgement or definitive sentence. And thus much I am sure the very same authors, whose names here you bring in against me, do maintain no less then I do, howsoever they carp and find fault with the Popes naughty manners. Wherefore to draw to an end, whether all that hath been said hitherto, or shall be said hereafter touching the practise of the Popes supremacy do prove his supreme authority or not: I refer the judgement thereof M. Rainoldes, to your self, and to every indifferent reader. Certes I have endeavoured somewhat to do it, though nothing so well, I grant, as such a cause requireth. But as I said you shall see it proved yet furthermore by the practise thereof which the Bishop of Rome hath always used, bearing himself as supreme pastor of our souls next under Christ: which thing was never denied him but granted of all men without resistance. Let their speeches, and deeds be a justifying of him: and let their behaviour generally towards him be an instruction for us to follow them in their well doing.
John Hart.
Marry, if any of all the Bishops that euer were in that seat, flowing thus in wealth, abused the same to any euill ⟨p. 397⟩purpose, or els their authoritie when they were become so mightie, in any of the pointes which are mentioned by you: I am so farre off from iustifying them therein, that rather I r•w to sée it and I condemne them therefore. But thereof wee shall haue occ•sion to treate more particularly in the chapters folowing. Onely this is it which I go about to proue and defend in them, that because of Christes promise, of building his Church vpon that rocke; and prayer also that their faith should not faile, they neuer erred in iudgement or definitiue sentence. And thus much I am sure the very same autours, whose names here you bring in against me, do mainteine no lesse then I doo, howsoeuer they carpe and finde fault with the Popes naughtie maners. Wherefore to drawe to an ende, whether all that hath béene said hithertoo, or shall be said hereafter touching the practise of the Popes supremacie doo proue his supreme authoritie or not: I referre the iudgement thereof M. Rainoldes, to your selfe, and to euery indifferent reader. Certes I haue endeuored somewhat to doo it, though nothing so wel, I graunt, as such a cause requireth. But as I said you shall sée it proued yet furthermore by the practise thereof which the Bishop of Rome hath alwaies vsed, bearing himselfe as supreme pastour of our soules next vnder Christ: which thing was neuer denyed him but graunted of all men without resistance. Let their spéeches, and déedes bee a iustifying of him: and let their behauiour generally towardes him bée an instruction for vs to folow them in their well dooing.
Iohn Hart.
Rainoldes. If you love me the better, M. Hart, for my plain dealing in so weighty a matter, as you say you must: I would to God you would deal as plainly with me, that I might in like sort love you the better too. But neither do you yield to that which I have proved by evidence of truth: and although you cannot disprove my proofs of it, yet you seek to shift them off by fraud and falsehood. For whereas I showed that the Pope pretending discharge of his office in government of the Church, hath gotten his temporal dominion from Emperors by treason, and rebellion; and practised unlawful power in things spiritual to the oppressing of Christendom; and therefore ⟨p. 398⟩erred in office, yea, in the supremacy which he hath usurped over both the states spiritual and temporal: you, for the first point of his dominion temporal, do go about to clear him by sophisms, and lies; for the next of his tyranny in spiritual things, you smooth it, as a lawful authority abused; for the last of his erring in office, you abridge it to judgement and definitive sentence; and wrap his supremacy up in general words as allowed by all men, when in the particular points of the supremacy you can not justify it by any. aFestus the Roman thought Paul to be mad: the madness was in Festus him self, no• in Paul. You think that I err of a wrong persuasion: the error is your own, not mine, M. Hart. The faults of your dealing for the maintaining of your error, I will set before you: if perhaps the Lord will open your eyes, and untie your tongue, that you may at length perceive and confess the Popes supremacy to be unlawful. To begin therefore with the first point wherein you seek to clear him from having usurped his temporal dominion▪ you say, that if we weigh things with indifferency, and in equal balance, I shall well perceive that both Emperors and other Princes adjoining unto him have rather usurped of his, then he of theirs. Which, if you took not things at hucksters hands without all weighing of them, you would never say. For, that which I have laid in one scale of the balance, is the manifest truth of records, & evidences, approved by the witness of writers very credible, who note the times, the persons, the means, and all circumstances how the Pope usurped.
Rainoldes. If you loue me the better, M. Hart, for my plaine dealing in so weightie a matter, as you say you must: I would to God you would deale as plainely with me, that I might in like sort loue you the better too. But neither doo you yéelde to that which I haue proued by euidence of tru•h: and although you cannot disproue my proofes of it, yet you seeke to shift them off by fraude and falsehood. For whereas I shewed that the Pope pretending discharge of his office in gouernment of the Church, hath gotten his temporall dominion from Emperours by tre•son, and rebellion; and practised vnlaw•ull power in thinges spirituall to the oppressing of Christendome; and therefore ⟨p. 398⟩erred in office, yea, in the supremacie which he hath vsurped ouer both the states spirituall and temporall: you, for the first point of his dominion temporall, doo go about to cléere him by sophismes, and lyes; for the next of his tyrannie in spiritual things, you smooth it, as a lawfull autoritie abused; for the last of his erring in office, you abbridge it to iudgement and definitiue sentence; and wrappe his supremacie vp in generall wordes as allowed by all men, when in the particular pointes of the supremacie you can not iustifie it by any. aFestus the Roman thought Paul to bee madde: the madnes was in Festus him selfe, no• in Paul. You thinke that I erre of a wrong perswasion: the errour is your owne, not mine, M. Hart. The fautes of your dealing for the maintaining of your errour, I will set before you: if perhaps the Lorde will open your eyes, and vntye your tongue, that you may at length perceiue and confesse the Popes supremacie to be vnlawfull. To begin therefore with the first point wherein you séeke to cléere him from hauing vsurped his temporall dominion▪ you say, that if we weigh thinges with indifferencie, and in equall balance, I shall wel perceiue that both Emperours and other Princes adioyning vnto him haue rather vsurped of his, then hee of theirs. Which, if you tooke not thinges at hucksters handes without all weighing of them, you would neuer say. For, that which I haue laide in one scale of the balance, is the manifest truth of recordes, & euidences, approued by the witnesse of writers verie credible, who note the times, the persons, the meanes, and all circumstances how the Pope vsurped.
And that which you lay in the other scale, to overweigh mine, is partly impertinent, and nothing to the purpose: partly untrue, and impudently forged. The weightiest parcel of it, is that which cometh foremost, namely, that a good author doth write, that S. Peters patrimony is greatly diminished through the Popes negligent looking unto it. What is that good author (M. Hart) who writeth so? Why do you not name him? Is it because you fear that I should find he maketh nought for you, if I knew him? or that you would put me to the pains of seeking him? I pray use hereafter at least so much plainness, to name me the authors, on which your proofs are grounded: sith I not only name them, but quote their places also whereon I ground mine, that you ⟨p. 399⟩may the better sift them, and judge of them. The author, who writeth that which you allege, is *Nicolas Clemangis, a Doctor of Paris, that lived about a ninescore years since: in deed a good author. Who lamenting the wretched and corrupt state of the Church in his time, declareth the Pope to have been the firebrand of her calamities and disorders, in that, bnot contented with the fruits and profits of the Bishopric of Rome and S. Peters patrimony, though very great and royal, he laid his greedy hands on other mens flocks replenished with milk and wool; and cusurped the right of bestowing Bishoprics, and livings ecclesiastical throughout all Christendom; and ddisannulled the lawful elections of pastors by his reservations, eprovisions, and fadvowsons; and goppressed churches with first fruits of one year, of two years, of three years, yea sometimes of •oure years, with tithes, with exactions, with procurations, with spoils of Prelates, and infinite other burdens; and hordained collectors to seize upon these taxes and tributes throughout all provinces, with horrible abusing of suspensions, interditements, and excommunications, if any man refused to pay them; & used such merchandise with isuites in his kCourt, and rules of his Chancery, lthat the house of God was made a den of thieves; and raised his Cardinals, as complices of mhis pomp, from Clergy-men of lowest state to be the peers of Princes;
And that which you lay in the other scale, to ouerweigh mine, is partlie impertinent, and nothing to the purpose: partlie vntrue, and impudentlie forged. The weightiest parcel of it, is that which cometh formost, namely, that a good autour doth write, that S. Peters patrimonie is greatly diminished through the Popes negligent looking vnto it. What is that good autour (M. Hart) who writeth so? Why doo you not name him? Is it because you feare that I should finde he maketh nought for you, if I knew him? or that you would put me to the paines of séeking him? I pray vse hereafter at least so much plainenesse, to name me the autours, on which your proofes are grounded: sith I not onely name them, but quote their places also whereon I ground mine, that you ⟨p. 399⟩may the better sift them, and iudge of them. The autour, who writeth that which you alleage, is *Nicolas Clemangis, a Doctour of Paris, that liued about a ninescore yeares since: in déed a good autour. Who lamenting the wretched and corrupt state of the Church in his time, declareth the Pope to haue béene the fi•ebrand of her calamities and disorders, in that, bnot contented with the fruites and profits of the Bishopricke of Rome and S. Peters patrimonie, though very great and royal, he laide his greedy handes on other mens flockes replenished with milke and wooll; and cvsurped the right of bestowing Bishoprickes, and liuings ecclesiasticall throughout all Christendom; and ddisanulled the lawfull elections of pastors by his reseruations, eprouisions, and faduowsons; and goppres•ed churches with first fruites of one yeare, of two yeares, of three yeares, yea sometimes of •oure yeares, with tithes, with exactions, with procurations, with spoiles of Prelates, and infinite other burdens; and h
*De corrupto ecclesiae statu: or (as in Gerson it is entitled,) De vitijs ministrorum ecclesiae.
& enriched them with his dispensations nto have & to hold offices & benefices, not two, or three, or ten, or twenty, but a hundred, or two hundred, yea sometimes four hundred, or five hundred, or more, and those not small or lean ones, but even the best and fattest; to be short, in that he filled the sanctuary of the Lord with dumb dogs & evil beasts, oeven from the highest Prelates pto the basest hedge-priests, through his usurpations, qexemptions, compositions, his rSimony, prostitution, and fornication committed with Princes of the earth; and all, tto maintain the pride, lust, sand riot of his worldly state, which he hath lifted up above kings and Emperors.
& enriched them with his dispensations nto haue & to hold offices & benefices, not two, or three, or ten, or twenty, but a hundred, or two hundred, yea sometimes foure hundred, or fiue hundred, or more, and those not small or leane ones, but euen the best and fattest; to be short, in that hee filled the sanctuarie of the Lord with dumme dogges & euil beastes, oeuen from the highest Prelates pto the basest hedge-priestes, through his vsurpations, qexemptions, compositions, his rSimonie, prosti•ution, and fornication committed with Princes of the earth; and all, tto maintaine the pride, lust, sand riot of his worldly state, which he hath lifted vp aboue kinges and Emperours.
Hart. You like and lay open the words of Clemangis, as of a good author, in that he reproveth abuses of the Popes. But what say you to that for which I alleged him, uthat S. Peters ⟨p. 400⟩patrimony is greatly diminished through the Popes negligent looking unto it?
Hart. You like and lay open the wordes of Clemangis, as of a good autour, in that he reproueth abuses of the Popes. But what say you to that for which I alleaged him, uthat S. Peters ⟨p. 400⟩patrimony is greatly diminished through the Popes negligent looking vnto it?
Rainoldes. I say that you were abused by 1Genebrard, on whose word and credit you took that of Clemangis as making for this purpose, to which it cometh nothing nigh. For, yit is little above nine score years since that was written by Clemangis. And what if the temporal dominion of the Popes (called S. Peters patrimony) were diminished then by the successors negligence? Might not the predecessors therefore have usurped it of the Emperors long before that time? How much more probably might I allege Clemangis for proof of the contrary: in as much zas he saith, that the church 1usurped many things belonging of right to the Empire? But because I love not to build so strong conclusions upon so weak premisses: it sufficeth me that the good author, on whom you build yours, dischargeth not the Popes from having got their temporal dominion by treason. For, it followeth not that none of them were traitors eight hundred years ago, because before these ninescore years some were negligent: no more, then that the father was not an usurer, because the son is a bankrupt. Wherefore, the weightiest parcel of that which you lay in for the Popes patrimony, is as light as a feather. The next, is somewhat lighter. For you say, that perhaps it is much lesser now at this time, then it was in the very best times almost thirteen hundred years since: perhaps, it is much lesser. Now, without perhaps, you presume much of some want in us, if you think that a doubtful and uncertain guess may win us from a certain and undoubted truth.
Rainoldes. I say that you were abused by 1Genebrard, on whose worde and credit you tooke that of Clemangis as making for this purpose, to which it cometh nothing nigh. For, yit is litle aboue nine score yeares since that was writen by Clemangis. And what if the temporall dominion of the Popes (called S. Peters patrimony) were diminished then by the successours negligence? Might not the predecessours therefore haue vsurped it of ye Emperours long before that time? How much more probably might I alleage Clemangis for proofe of the contrarie: in as much zas he saith, that the church 1vsurped many things belonging of right to the Empire? But because I loue not to build so strong conclusions vpon so weake premisses: it sufficeth me that the good autour, on whom you build yours, dischargeth not the Popes from hauing got their temporall dominion by treason. For, it foloweth not that none of them were traitours eight hundred yeares ago, because before these ninescore yeares some were negligent: no more, then that the father was not an vsurer, because the sonne is a bankerout. Wherefore, the weightiest parcell of that which you lay in for the Popes patrimonie, is as light as a feather. The next, is somewhat lighter. For you say, that perhaps it is much lesser now at this time, then it was in the very best times almost thirteene hundred yeares since: perhaps, it is much lesser. Now, without perhaps, you presume much of some want in vs, if you thinke that a dout•ull and vncertaine gesse may winne vs from a certaine and vndouted truth.
1Chronogr. lib. 3. i• Boni•acio tertio.
yHe wrote it in the year 1402. as it seemeth •y his words, De corrupto ecclesiae statu, cap. •6. after three and twenty years of the fifty-years-schism.He wrote it in the yeare 1402. as it seemeth •y his wordes, De corrupto ecclesiae statu, cap. •6. after three and twentie yeares of the fiftie-yeares-schisme.
Hart. Nay, you mistake my meaning, if you take my [perhaps] so. For, that word is used oftentimes of modesty, when men do not doubt of that which they say. Neither do I of this: as you may perceive by my proofs of it.
Hart. Nay, you mistake my meaning, if you take my [perhaps] so. For, that worde is vsed oftentimes of modestie, when men doo not dout of that which they say. Neither doo I of this: as you may perceiue by my proofes of it.
Rainoldes. But ahe, whose steps you tread in, used 2it of subtlety rather then of modesty: that if his proofs failed, yet they might find favour because they came in with perhaps. Which help you shall perceive that the proofs also of your [perhaps] here do stand in need off, if you weigh them with indifferency. The donation of Constantine beareth the bell amongst them. For he (you say) resigned to S. Sylvester Pope ⟨p. 401⟩and to his successors the city of Rome, with all his Imperial robes and ornaments, retiring himself to Constantinople, where he abode as in his imperial seat, as also many other Emperors after him for many years together did, keeping still either at Constantinople in the East, or else at Milan & Ravenna in the West. And how do you prove that Constantine did so? Forsooth Eugubinus writeth it, you say; & proof is made of it by very many witnesses, as namely by Ammianus Marcellinus a heathen, who was sorry to see it; by Photius Constantinopolitanus, no favourer of the the Pope neither, and a Grecian borne; by Nicephorus; yea by S. Damasus, who lived about the same time, and saw Constantine him self; yea by our own men, who grant in their Centuries that the said donation of Constantine was confirmed a hundred years after by the Emperor Justinian, by Arithpert king of the Lombards, by king Pippin of France, Charles the great, holy king Lewes, and lastly by Otho the great at a Council holden at Ravenna. So: your witnesses then for Constantine's donation are Eugubinus, Ammianus, Photius, Nicephorus, Damasus, and our Centuries. Are these all? No. For you add that there are many mo besides, as I may read in the Chronicles. In the Chronicles? In what Chronicles? You mean in the Chronicles written by Genebrard; whom in this whole point of the Popes temporal dominion you follow. Alas, M. Hart, give not your self over so to be abused by that shameless man: who maketh no conscience of dealing most lewdly with all sorts of authors, to flatter those ambitious usurpers of Rome, and uphold their villainy.
Rainoldes. But ahe, whose steps you treade in, vsed 2it of suttlety rather then of modesty: that if his proofes failed, yet they might finde fauour because they came in with perhaps. Which helpe you shall perceiue that the proofes also of your [perhaps] here doo stand in néede off, if you weigh them with indifferencie. The donation of Constantine beareth the bell amongst them. For he (you say) resigned to S. Siluester Pope ⟨p. 401⟩and to his successours the citie of Rome, with all his Imperiall roabes and ornaments, retiring himselfe to Constantinople, where he abode as in his imperiall seate, as also many other Emperours after him for many yeares together did, keeping still either at Constantinople in the East, or els at Milan & Rauenna in the West. And how do you proue that Constantine did so? Forsooth Eugubinus writeth it, you say; & proofe is made of it by very many witnesses, as namely by Ammianus Marcellinus a heathen, who was sorie to see it; by Photius Constantinopolitanus, no fauourer of the the Pope neither, and a Grecian borne; by Nicephorus; yea by S. Damasus, who liued about the same time, and saw Constantine him selfe; yea by our owne men, who graunt in their Centuries that the said donation of Constantine was confirmed a hundred yeares after by the Emperour Iustinian, by Arithpert king of the Lombards, by king Pipine of France, Charles the great, holy king Lewes, and lastly by Otho the great at a Councell holden at Rauenna. So: your witnesses then for Constantines donation are Eugubinus, Ammianus, Photius, Nicephorus, Damasus, and our Centuries. Are these all? No. For you adde that there are many mo besides, as I may reade in the Chronicles. In the Chronicles? In what Chronicles? You meane in the Chronicles writen by Genebrard; whom in this whole point of the Popes temporall dominion you folow. Alas, M. Hart, giue not your selfe ouer so to be abused by that shamelesse man: who maketh no conscience of dealing most lewdly with all sortes of autours, to flatter those ambitious vsurpers of Rome, and vphold their vilanie.
Hart. Nay, you are abused, or rather do abuse that worthy painful man, who seeketh nothing but the maintenance of the catholic faith. But it irketh you that he hath disclosed the lies, stains, and frauds of the Century-writers: against whom his Chronicles are specially written.
Hart. Nay, you are abused, or rather do abuse that worthie painefull man, who seeketh nothing but the maintenance of the catholike faith. But it yrketh you that he hath disclosed the lyes, staines, and fraudes of the Centurie-writers: against whom his Chronicles are specially writen.
Rainoldes. Whether I abuse him, or he you, neither you only but all sorts of authors: the trial is easy. You say that the donation of Constantine is proved by them whom you named, and many mo besides, as I may read in the Chronicles. The many mo besides, whom I read alleged in your Chronicle-writer, are Zosimus, Nauclerus, S. Isidore, S. Jerome, Gratian, ⟨p. 402⟩Ivo, Picernus, and the Jews, Rabbi Abraham, and Aben Ezra. Do you rehearse his words, wherein he allegeth both these and the rest whom your self named: and as you shall find him to deal in this point with all sorts of authors, so speak of him hereafter, and credit him in others.
Rainoldes. Whether I abuse him, or he you, neither you onely but all sortes of autours: the tryall is easie. You say that the donation of Constantine is proued by them whom you named, and many mo besides, as I may reade in the Chronicles. The many mo besides, whom I reade alleaged in your Chronicle-writer, are Zosimus, Nauclerus, S. Isidore, S. Ierom, Gratian, ⟨p. 402⟩Iuo, Picernus, and the Iewes, Rabbi Abraham, and Aben Ezra. Do you rehearse his wordes, wherein he alleageth both these and the rest whom your selfe named: and as you shall finde him to deale in this point with all sortes of autours, so speake of him hereafter, and credit him in others.
wrote Budaeus, before Luther stirred against the Popes pardons. So manifestly tended the lawes of the Popes to their owne profit, and not to the Churches, euen in the eyes of sober Papistes. And thus haue you the summe of that which I said you might learne by the writings of your owne men, Onuphrius, and Sansouinus.
the gouernment of the Court of Rome, first, in the Consistorie; next, in the Penitentiarie; then, in ye Courts of requestes, one of grace, the other of iustice; afterwarde, in the Chauncerie; and last of all in the Escheker: he toucheth in effect as much as I haue said of the excesses of the Popes, in ordeining the officers, dealing with the causes, disposing the goods, abusing the censures, and making lawes of the Church. Yea, a point more; which sheweth manifestly their growing out of kinde from Bishoply state to Princely: to wéete, that there is an ordinarie Prelate, called
the Vicar of Rome, to whom they haue commited the charge of al those thinges within the Romane diocese, that belong to any Bishop in his diocese, and so to them in theirs, as Bishops of Rome properly. In fine, if any branch of the particular pointes, wherewith I haue charged them, be not so plaine and ful in Sansouinus, or Onuphrius: I shall declare it farther, and proue it, if you will, by the records, and testimonies of your owne
Popes. Whereupon I am content to make euen your selfe iudge, M.
*
Vicario di Roma.
tMatthew Paris, and Thomas Walsingham, in the English story: Guicciardin, in the Italian: Aemylius, in the French: Krantzius, in the Saxon: Theodoric Niem, of the Popes: and so forth others, of other states & countries.Matthew Pa•is, and Thomas Walsingam, in the English storie: Guicciardin, in the Italian: Aemylius, in the French: Krantzius, in the Saxon: Theodorike Niem, of the Popes: and so forth others, of other states & countries.
uFranciscus Picus Mirand. in orat. ad Lateran. Concil. de moribus reformandis. Polyd. Virgil. de inuentoribu• rerum. Magist. ceremon. sanct. eccles. Rom. Taxae Romanae Paenitentiariae.
xCanonist. comment. & Gloss. in Jus Canonicum. Duaren. de sacris ecclesiae minist. ac benef. Petr. Rebuff▪ Praxis beneficiaria.Canonist. comment. & Gloss. in Ius Canonicum. Duaren. de sacris ecclesiae minist. ac benef. Petr. Rebuff▪ Praxis beneficiaria.
yDurand. de modo celebrand. concil. gener. Petr. de Aliac. Card. de reformat. eccles. Hieron. Pauli Barchinon. Practica cancel a••e Apost. Fran. Victoria •elect. 2. & 4. Concilium delectorum Cardinalium.Durand. de modo celebrand. concil. gener. Petr. de Aliac. Card. de reformat. eccles. Hieron. Pauli Barchinon. Practica cancell a••e Apost. Fran. Victoria •elect. 2. & 4. Concilium delectorum Cardinalium.
zPope Gregory the much, Boniface the eighth, Clemens the fifth, and the rest who were authors of the Decretals, Clementines, and Extravagants. Pope Pius the second, in Epist. praesertim de moribus German. Pope Leo the tenth▪ in Concil. Lateran Session. 9.10. & 11. Pope Paul ye third, in Reg. Cancellar. Apost. Pope Julius the third, in perpet. constitut. de quingentis ducatis Cardinalium. Pope Pius the fifth and Gregory the thirteenth in Ecloge Bullar. & Motu proprior.Pope Gregorie the much, Boniface the eighth, Clemens the fifth, and the rest who were autours of the Decretals, Clementines, and Extrauagants. Pope Pius the second, in Epist. praesertim de moribus German. Pope Leo the tenth▪ in Concil. Lateran Session. 9.10. & 11. Pope Paul ye third, in Reg. Cancellar. Apost. Pope Iulius the third, in perpet. constitut. de quingentis ducatis Cardinalium. Pope Pius the fifth and Gregorie the thirteenth in Ecloge Bullar. & Motu proprior.
ordeined collectors to seaze vpon these taxes and tributes throughout al prouinces, with horrible abusing of suspensions, interditements, and excommunications, if any man refused to pay them; & vsed such marchandize with
