Apocalypsis A brief and learned commentary upon the revelation of Saint John the apostle…Apocalypsis A briefe and learned commentarie vpon the reuelation of Saint Iohn the apostle…
Apocalypsis A brief and learned commentary upon the revelation of Saint John the apostle and evangelist, applied unto the history of the Catholic and Christian Church. Written in Latin by M. Francis Junius Doctor of Divinity, and professor in the University of Heidelberg: And translated into English for the benefit of those that understand not the Latin.Apocalypsis A briefe and learned commentarie vpon the reuelation of Saint Iohn the apostle and euangelist, applyed vnto the history of the Catholicke and Christian Church. Written in Latine by M. Francis Iunius Doctor of Diuinitie, and professor in the Vniuersitie of Heidelberge: And translated into English for the benefit of those that vnderstand not the Latine.
Franciscus Junius 1545–1602London: printed by Richard Field for Robert Dexter, 1592
Modern spelling is a reading aid: the words are the author’s, only the spelling is modernized. Original shows the page as printed, with the transcription marks.
8 12The beast that thou hast seen, ⟨p. 67⟩13was, and is not: 14and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and shall go into perdition, and the inhabitants of the earth shall wonder (whose names are not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world) 15when they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is.
8 12The beast that thou hast seene, ⟨p. 67⟩13was, and is not: 14and shall ascend out of the bottomles pit, and shall go into perdition, and the inhabitants of the earth shall wonder (whose names are not written in the booke of life from the foundation of the world) 15when they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is.
12The story of the beast hath a triple description of him. The first is a distinction of this beast from all that ever have been at any time: which distinction is contained in this verse: The second is a deliniation or painting out of the beast by things present, by which he might even at that time be known of the godly: and this deliniation is according to his heads, verse 9. 10. 11. The third is an historical foretelling of things to come, and to be done by him: and these are ascribed unto his horns, vers. 12. 13. 14. This beast is that Empire of Rome, of which I spake chapter 13. 11. according to the mutations & changes whereof, which then had already happened, the holy ghost hath distinguished and set out the same. The Apostle distinguisheth this beast from all others in these words: The beast which thou sawest, was and is not. For so I expound the words of the Apostle for evidencie sake: as I will further declare in the notes following.
The storie of the beast hath a triple description of him. The first is a distinction of this beast from all that euer haue bene at any time: which distinction is contained in this verse: The second is a deliniation or painting out of the beast by things present, by which he might euen at that time be knowne of the godly: and this deliniation is according to his heads, verse 9. 10. 11. The third is an historicall foretelling of thinges to come, and to be done by him: and these are ascribed vnto his hornes, vers. 12. 13. 14. This beast is that Empire of Rome, of which I spake chapter 13. 11. according to the mutations & chaunges whereof, which then had alreadie happened, the holy ghost hath distinguished and set out the same. The Apostle distinguisheth this beast from all others in these wordes: The beast which thou sawest, was and is not. For so I expound the words of the Apostle for euidencie sake: as I will further declare in the notes following.
13The meaning is, that beast which thou sawest before (chapter 13. 1.) & which yet thou hast now seen, was, was (I say) even from Julius Cęsar, in respect of beginning, rising up, station, glory, dominion, manner and stock, from the house of Julius: and yet is not now the same, if thou look unto the house and stock: for the dominion of this family, was translated unto another, after the death of Nero; from that other unto a third, from the third unto a fourth, and so forth, was varied and altered by innumerable changes. Finally, the Empire is one, as it were one beast: but exceedingly varied by kindreds, families, and persons It was therefore (saith Saint John) in the kindreds or house of Julius: and now it is not in that kindred, but translated unto another.The meaning is, that beast which thou sawest before (chapter 13. 1.) & which yet thou hast now seene, was, was (I say) euen from Iulius Cęsar, in respect of beginning, rising vp, station, glorie, dominion, manner and stocke, from the house of Iulius: and yet is not now the same, if thou looke vnto the house and stocke: for the dominion of this familie, was translated vnto another, after the death of Nero; from that other vnto a third, from the third vnto a fourth, and so forth, was varied and altered by innumerable changes. Finally, the Empire is one, as it were one beast: but exceedingly varied by kinreds, families, and persons It was therefore (saith Saint Iohn) in the kindreds or house of Iulius: and now it is not in that kindred, but translated vnto another.
14As if he should say, Also this same that is, shall shortly not be: but shall ascend out of the depth, or out of the sea (as was said chapter 13. 1.) that is, shall be a new stock from amongst the nations without difference: and shall in the same state go unto destruction, or ruin, and perish: and so shall successively new Princes or Emperors come, and go, arise and fall, the body of the beast remaining still, but tossed with so many and often alterations; as no man can but marvel that this beast was able to stand and hold out, in so many mutations. Verily no Empire that ever was, tossed with so many changes, and as it were with so many tempests of the sea, ever continued so long.As if he should say, Also this same that is, shall shortly not be: but shall ascend out of the depth, or out of the sea (as was said chapter 13. 1.) that is, shall be a new stocke from amongst the nations without difference: and shall in the same state go vnto destruction, or ruine, and perish: and so shall successiuely new Princes or Emperours come, and go, arise and fall, the bodie of the beast remaining still, but tossed with so manie and often alterations; as no man can but maruell that this beast was able to stand and hold out, in so many mutations. Verely no Empire that euer was, tossed with so many changes, and as it were with so many tempests of the sea, euer continued so long.
15That is, as many as have not learned the providence of God, according to the faith of the saints shall marvel at these grievous and often changes: when they shall consider, the self same beast, which is the Romaine Empire, to have been, not to be, and to be, & still molested with perpetual mutation; and yet in the same to stand and continue. This, in mine opinion, is the most simple exposition of this place, confirmed by event of the things themselves. Although the last change also, by which the Empire, that before was civil, became Ecclesiastical, is not obscurely signified in these words: of which two, the first exercised cruelty upon the bodies of the saints: the other also upon their souls: the first by human order and policy, the other under the colour of the law of God, and of religion, raged and imbrued it self with the blood of the godly.That is, as manie as haue not learned the prouidence of God, according to the faith of the sainctes shall maruell at these grieuous and often changes: when they shall consider, the selfe same beast, which is the Romaine Empire, to haue bene, not to be, and to be, & still molested with perpetuall mutation; and yet in the same to stand and continue. This, in mine opinion, is the most simple exposition of this place, confirmed by euent of the things themselues. Although the last change also, by which the Empire, that before was ciuile, became Ecclesiasticall, is not obscurely signified in these words: of which two, the first exercised crueltie vpon the bodies of the sainctes: the other also vpon their soules: the first by humaine order and policie, the other vnder the colour of the law of God, and of religion, raged and imbrued it selfe with the blood of the godly.
9 16Here is the mind that hath wisdom. The ⟨p. 68⟩cseven heads, are 17seven mountains, whereon the woman sitteth:
9 16Here is the minde that hath wisdome. The ⟨p. 68⟩cseuen heads, are 17seuen mountaines, whereon the woman sitteth:
16An exhortation preparing unto audience, by the same argument, with that of Christ: He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. Wherefore for mine own part, I had rather read in this place, Let there be here a mind, &c. So the Angel passeth fitly unto the second place of this description.An exhortation preparing vnto audience, by the same argument, with that of Christ: He that hath eares to heare, let him heare. Wherefore for mine owne part, I had rather reade in this place, Let there be here a minde, &c. So the Angel passeth fitly vnto the seconde place of this description.
cVery children know, what that seven hilled city is, which is so much spoken of, & whereof Virgil thus reporteth, And compassed seven towers within one wall: that city it is, which, when John wrote these things, had rule over the Kings of the earth: It was, and is not, and yet it remaineth to this day, but it is declining to destruction.Verie children know, what that seuen hilled citie is, which is so much spoken of, & wherof Virgil thus reporteth, And compassed seuen towers within one wall: that citie it is, which, when Iohn wrote these things, had rule ouer the Kings of the earth: It was, and is not, and yet it remaineth to this day, but it is declining to destruction.
17This is the painting out of the beast by things present (as I said before) whereby S. John endeavoured so to describe the same, that he might both be known of the godly in that age, and be further observed and marked of posterity afterwards. This delineation hath one type, that is, his heads; but a double description or application of the type: one permanent from the nature of it self: the other changeable, by the working of men. The description permanent, is by the seven hills, in this verse; the other that fleeteth, is from the seven kings, verse 10. 11. And here it is worthy to be observed, that one type hath sometimes two or more applications: as seemeth good unto the holy Ghost to express either one thing by diverse types, or diverse things by one type. So I noted before, of the seven spirits chap. 1. 4. Now this woman that sitteth upon seven hills, is the city of Rome, called in time past of the Graecians [Greek or Hebrew]. i. of seven tops or creasts, & of Varro septiceps, i. of seven heads (as here) of her seven heads; and of others septemcollis. i. standing upon seven hills.This is the painting out of the beast by things present (as I said before) whereby S. Iohn endeuoured so to describe the same, that he might both be knowne of the godly in that age, and be further obserued and marked of posteritie afterwards. This delineatiō hath one type, that is, his heads; but a double description or application of the type: one permanent from the nature of it selfe: the other changeable, by the working of men. The description permanent, is by the seuen hills, in this verse; the other that fleeteth, is from the seuen kings, verse 10. 11. And here it is worthie to be obserued, that one type hath sometimes two or more applications: as seemeth good vnto the holy Ghost to expresse either one thing by diuerse types, or diuerse things by one type. So I noted before, of the seuen spirits chap. 1. 4. Now this woman that sitteth vpon seuen hilles, is the citie of Rome, called in time past of the Graecians 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. i. of seuen tops or creasts, & of Varro septiceps, i. of seuen heads (as here) of her seuen heads; and of others septemcollis. i. standing vpon seuen hilles.
10 18They are also seven Kings, 19five are fallen, 20& one is, 21and another is not yet come: & when he cometh, he must continue a short space.
10 18They are also seuen Kings, 19fiue are fallen, 20& one is, 21and another is not yet come: & whē he cōmeth, he must cōtinue a short space.
18The beginning of these kings or Emperors is almost the same with the beginning of the Church of Christ, which I showed before chap. 11. 1. Namely from the year 35. after the passion of Christ, what time the Temple and Church of the Jews was overthrown. In which ye are it came to pass by the providence of God, that that saving, The beast was, and is not, was fulfilled before that the destruction of the Jews immediately following, came to pass. That was the year from the building of the city of Rome 809. from which year S. John both numbereth the Emperors which thitherto had been, when he wrote these things; and foretelleth of two others next to come: and that with this purpose, that when this particular prediction or foretelling of things to come, should take effect, the truth of all other predictions in the Church, might be the more confirmed. Which sign God of old mentioned in the Law, Deuter. 18. and Jeremiah confirmed. chap. 28. 8.The beginning of these kings or Emperours is almost the same with the beginning of the Church of Christ, which I shewed before chap. 11. 1. Namely from the yeare 35. after the passion of Christ, what time the Temple and Church of the Iewes was ouerthrowne. In which ye are it came to passe by the prouidence of God, that that saving, The beast was, and is not, was fulfilled before that the destruction of the Iewes immediatly following, came to passe. That was the yeare from the building of the citie of Rome 809. from which yeare S. Iohn both numbreth the Emperors which thitherto had bene, when he wrote these things; and foretelleth of two others next to come: and that with this purpose, that when this particular prediction or foretelling of things to come, should take effect, the truth of all other predictions in the Church, might be the more confirmed. Which signe God of old mentioned in the Law, Deuter. 18. and Ieremie confirmed. chap. 28. 8.
19Whose names are these: the first Seruivs Sulpttius Galba, who was the seventh Emperor of the people of Rome; the second Marcus Saluius Otho; the third, Aulus Vitellius; the fourth, Titus Flavius Vespasianus; the sift, Titus Vespasianus his sonne, of his own name.Whose names are these: the first Seruivs Sulpttius Galba, who was the seuēth Emperor of the people of Rome; the second Marcus Saluius Otho; the third, Aulus Vitellius; the fourth, Titus Flauius Vespasianus; the sift, Titus Vespasianus his sonne, of his owne name.
20Flavius Domitian sonne of the first Vespasian. For in the later end of his days S. John wrote these things: as witnesseth Irenaeus lib. 5. aduersus haereses.Flauius Domitian sonne of the first Vespasian. For in the later ende of his dayes S. Iohn wrote these things: as witnesseth Irenaeus lib. 5. aduersus haereses.
21Nerva. The Empire being now translated from the family of Flavius. This man reigned only one year, four months, and nine days, as the history writers do tell.Nerua. The Empire being now translated from the familie of Flauius. This man raigned only one yeare, foure moneths, and nine days, as the historie writers do tell.
11 22And the beast that was, and is not, is 23the eight, and is 24one of the seven, 25and goeth unto destruction.
11 22And the beast that was, and is not, is 23the eight, and is 24one of the seuen, 25and goeth vnto destruction.
22This is spoken by the sigure synecdoche, as much to say, as that head of the beast which was and is not, because it is cut off, & Nerva in so short time extinguished. How many heads there were, so many beasts there seemed to be in one. See the like speech in the third verse of the thirteenth chapter.This is spokē by the sigure synecdoche, as much to say, as that head of the beast which was and is not, because it is cut off, & Nerua in so short time extinguished. How manie heads there were, so many beasts there seemed to be in one. See the like speech in the third verse of the thirteenth chapter.
23Nerva Traianus, who him self in diverse respects is called here the seventh & the eighth.Nerua Traianus, who him selfe in diuerse respects is called here the seuenth & the eighth.
24Though in number & order of succession he be the eighth, yet he is reckoned together with one of these heads, because Nerva and he were one head. For this man obtained authority together with Nerva, and was Consul with him, when Nerva left his life.Though in number & order of succession he be the eighth, yet he is reckened together with one of these heads, because Nerua and he were one head. For this man obtained authoritie together with Nerua, and was Consull with him, when Nerua left his life.
25Namely to molest with persecutions the churches of Christ, as the histories do record, and I have briefly noted chap. 2. 10.Namely to molest with persecutions the churches of Christ, as the histories do record, and I haue briefly noted chap. 2. 10.
12 26And the ten horns which thou sawest, are 27ten Kings, which yet have not received the kingdom, but shall receive power, as Kings 28at one hour with the beast.
12 26And the ten hornes which thou sawest, are 27ten Kings, which yet haue not receiued the kingdome, but shall receiue power, as Kings 28at one houre with the beast.
26The third place of this description, as I said verse 8. is a prophetical prediction of things to come which the beast should do; as in the words following & John doth not obscurely signify, saying, which have not yet received the kingdom &c. For there is an antithesis or opposition between these kings, and those that went before. And first the persons are described, in this verse; then their deeds, in the two verses following.The third place of this description, as I sayd verse 8. is a propheticall prediction of things to come which the beast should do; as in the words following & Iohn doth not obscurely signifie, saying, which haue not yet receiued the kingdome &c. For there is an antithesis or opposition betweene these kings, and those that went before. And first the persons are described, in this verse; then their deedes, in the two verses following.
27That is, arising with their kingdoms, out of that Romaine beast: at such time as that political Empire began by the craft of the Popes greatly to fall.That is, arising with their kingdomes, out of that Romaine beast: at such time as that politicall Empire began by the craft of the Popes greatly to fall.
28Namely, with that second beast, whom we called before a false prophet, which beast ascending out of the earth, got unto him self all the authority and power of the first beast, and exerciseth the same before his face, as was said chapter 14. 11. 12. For when the political Empire of the West began to bow downwards, there both arose those ten Kings, and the second beast took the opportunity offered, to usurp unto him self all the power of the former beast. These kings long ago, many have numbered and described to be ten, and a great part of the events plainly testifieth the same in this our age.Namely, with that second beast, whom we called before a false prophet, which beast ascending out of the earth, got vnto him selfe all the authoritie and power of the first beast, and exerciseth the same before his face, as was said chapter 14. 11. 12. For when the politicall Empire of the West began to bow downewards, there both arose those ten Kings, and the second beast tooke the oportunitie offered, to vsurpe vnto him selfe all the power of the former beast. These kings long ago, many haue numbred and described to be ten, and a great part of the euents plainely testifieth the same in this our age.
13 29These have all one mind, and shall give their power, and authority unto the beast.
13 29These haue all one mind, and shall giue their power, and authoritie vnto the beast.
29That is, by consent or agreement: that they may conspire with the beast, and depend upon his beck. Their story is divided into three parts, counsels, acts, and events. The counsels some of them consist in communicating of judgements and affections: and some in communicating of power, which they are said to have given unto this beast, in this verse.That is, by consent or agreement: that they may conspire with the beast, and depende vppon his becke. Their storie is deuided into three parts, counselles, actes, and euents. The counsels some of them consist in communicating of iudgements and affections: and some in communicating of power, which they are sayd to haue giuen vnto this beast, in this verse.
14 These shall fight with the 30Lamb, & the Lamb shall overcome them: ‖for he is the Lord of Lords, and King of Kings: and they that are on his side, called, and chosen, and faithful.
14 These shall fight with the 30Lambe, & the Lambe shall ouercome them: ‖for he is the Lord of Lords, and King of Kings: and they that are on his side, called, and chosen, and faithfull.
30With Christ and his church, as the reason following doth declare: and here are mentioned the facts and events which followed for Christ his sake, and for the grace of God the Father towards those that are called, elected, and are his faithful ones in Christ.With Christ and his church, as the reason following doth declare: and here are mentioned the facts and euentes which followed for Christ his sake, and for the grace of God the Father towards those that are called, elected, and are his faithfull ones in Christ.
15 31After he said unto me, The waters which thou sawest, where the whore sitteth, 32are peoples, & multitudes, and nations, and tongues.
15 31After he sayd vnto me, The waters which thou sawest, where the whore sitteth, 32are peoples, & multitudes, and nations, and tongues.
31This is the other member of the enarration, as I said ver. 7. belonging unto the harlot, showed in the vision, ver. 3. In this history of the harlot, these three things are distinctly propounded; what is her magnificence, in this verse, what is her fall, & by whom it shall happen unto her, in the 2. verses following: & lastly, who that harlot is, in the last ver. This place which by order of nature should have been the first, is therefore made the last, because it was more fit to be joined with the next chapter.This is the other member of the enarration, as I said ver. 7. belonging vnto the harlot, shewed in the vision, ver. 3. In this historie of the harlot, these three things are distinctly propounded; what is her magnificencie, in this verse, what is her fall, & by whom it shall happen vnto her, in the 2. verses following: & lastly, who that harlot is, in the last ver. This place which by order of nature should haue bene the first, is therefore made the last, because it was more fit to be ioyned with the next chapter.
32That is, as unconstant and variable as are the waters. Upon this foundation sitteth this harlot as a queen, a vain person upon that which is vain.That is, as vnconstant and variable as are the waters. Vpon this foundation sitteth this harlot as a queene, a vaine person vpon that which is vaine.
16 And the 33ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, they shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.
16 And the 33ten hornes which thou sawest vpon the beast, they shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eate her flesh, and burne her with fire.
33The ten kings, as vers. 12. The accomplishment of this fact & event is daily increased in this our age, by the singular providence and most mighty government of God. Wherefore the facts are propounded in this verse; & the causes of them in the verses following.The ten kings, as vers. 12. The accomplishment of this fact & euent is dayly increased in this our age, by the singular prouidence and most mightie gouernment of God. Wherfore the facts are propounded in this verse; & the causes of them in the verses following.
17 34For God hath put in their hearts to fulfil his decree, and to be of one consent, & to give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God be fulfilled.
17 34For God hath put in their hearts to fulfill his decree, and to be of one consent, & to giue their kingdome vnto the beast, vntill the wordes of God be fulfilled.
34A reason rendered from the chief efficient cause, which is the providence of God, by which alone saint John by inversion of order affirmeth to have come to pass, both that the kings should execute upon the harlot that which pleased God; & which he declared in the verse next before going: & also that by one consent & counsel they should give their kingdom unto the beast &c. ver. 13. 14. for as these being blinded have before depended upon the beck of the beast that lifteth up the harlot, so it is said that afterwards it shall come to pass, that they shall turn back, and shall fall away from her, when their hearts shall be turned into better state by the grace & mercy of God.A reason rendred from the chiefe efficient cause, which is the prouidence of God, by which alone saint Iohn by inuersion of order affirmeth to haue come to passe, both that the kings should execute vpon the harlot that which pleased God; & which he declared in the verse next before going: & also that by one consent & coūsel they should giue their kingdome vnto the beast &c. ver. 13. 14. for as these being blinded haue before depended vpon the becke of the beast that lifteth vp the harlot, so it is said that afterwards it shal come to passe, that they shal turne back, and shal fal away from her, when their hearts shalbe turned into better state by the grace & mercy of God.
18 And the woman which thou sawest, is that 35great city, which hath dominion over the Kings of the earth.
18 And the woman which thou sawest, is that 35great citie, which hath dominion ouer the Kings of the earth.
35That is, Rome, that great city, or only city (as Lustinian calleth it) the king & head whereof was thē the Emperor, but now the Pope, since that the condition of the beast was changed.That is, Rome, that great city, or only citie (as Lustinian calleth it) the king & head wherof was thē the Emperor, but now the Pope, since that the cōdition of the beast was chāged.
2 The horrible destruction of Babylon is set out. 11. 16. 18. The merchants of the earth, who were enriched with the pomp and luxuriousness of it, weep and wail: 20 But all the elect rejoice for that just vengeance of God.
2 The horrible destruction of Babylon is set out. 11. 16. 18. The marchants of the earth, who were enriched with the pompe and luxuriousnesse of it, weepe and waile: 20 But all the elect reioyce for that iust vengeance of God.
1 12And after these things, I saw an 2Angel come down from out of heaven having great power; so that the very earth was lightened with his glory.
1 12ANd after these things, I saw an 2Angell come downe from out of heauen hauing great power; so that the verie earth was lightned with his glorie.
1The second place (as I said before 17 1) of the history of Babylon, is of the woeful fall and ruin of that whore of Babylon. This historical prediction concerning her, is threefold. The first a plain & simple foretelling of her ruin, in three verses; the second a figurative prediction by the circumstances, thence unto the 20. verse. The third, a confirmation of the same by sign or wonder, unto the end of the chapter.The second place (as I sayd before 17 1) of the historie of Babylon, is of the wofull fall and ruine of that whore of Babylon. This historicall praediction concerning her, is threefold. The first a plaine & simple foretelling of her ruine, in three verses; the second a figuratiue prediction by the circumstances, thence vnto the 20. verse. The third, a confirmation of the same by signe or wonder, vnto the end of the chapter.
2F. IVNIVS.
2Either Christ the eternal word of God the Father, (as often elsewhere) or a created Angel and one deputed unto this service, but thoroughly furnished with greatness of power, & with light of glory as the ensign of power.Either Christ the eternall word of God the Father, (as often elsewhere) or a created Angel and one deputed vnto this seruice, but thoroughly furnished with greatnes of power, & with light of glorie as the ensigne of power.
2 And he cried our mightily with a loud voice, 3saying, ‖It is fallen, it is fallen, Babylon that great city, and is become an habitation of devils, and the hold of all foul spirits, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.
2 And he cried our mightily with a loude voice, 3saying, ‖It is fallen, it is fallen, Babylon that great citie, and is become an habitatiō of deuils, and the hold of all foule spirits, and a cage of euerie vncleane and hatefull byrd.
3The prediction or foreshowing of her ruin, containing both the fall of Babylon, in this verse; and the cause thereof uttered by way of allegory concerning her spiritual and carnal wickednesses, that is, her most great impiety and uniustice, in the next verse: her fall is first simply declared of the Angel, and then the greatness thereof is showed here by the events; when he saith it shall be the seat and habitation of devils, of wild beasts, and of cursed fowls, as of old Isaiah. 13. 21. and often elsewhere.The prediction or foreshewing of her ruine, containing both the fall of Babylon, in this verse; and the cause thereof vttered by way of allegorie concerning her spirituall and carnall wickednesses, that is, her most great impietie and vniustice, in the next verse: her fall is first simplie declared of the Angell, and then the greatnes thereof is shewed here by the euents; when he saith it shalbe the seate and habitation of diuels, of wild beasts, and of cursed foules, as of old Esay. 13. 21. and often elsewhere.
3 Because all nations have drunken of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, & the Kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich by the abundance of her voluptuousness.
3 Because all nations haue drunken of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, & the Kings of the earth haue cōmitted fornication with her, and the marchants of the earth are waxed rich by the abundance of her voluptuousnesse.
