That any sin may be mortal, there must be judicium integrum (t)an entire judgment, not distracted, not weakened, not disturbed, as they prove out of their Canon Law: Also there must be (u)perfect deliberation, 'tis venial (how grievous soever otherwise), where there is not perfect deliberation: If by any means, deliberation not only in it self, but in its perfection, be either prevented (and the thing be done before the mind take due cognizance of it,) or hindered (while it is under debate) it cannot be mortal. And that deliberation may be perfect, there must be a (x)sufficient presenting of the evil in its object, and its circumstances. If the mind only consider the advantage, or pleasure, and not the sinfulness and danger; 'tis but a semi-deliberation, and not full enough to make a sin mortal. Besides it will require (y)time to perfect it, and here they may favour the Sinner as much as they please by determining what time is sufficient for humane frailty; but if he be in hast, and do not stay this time, because he is so forward to sin, he will but sin Venially. Finally, there must be full consent of will. If the inferior and sensual part take never so much complacency in a wicked thing; yet so ⟨p. 300⟩long as the Superior takes no notice of it, there's no harm(z), 'tis certainly no more than a Venial: Or if the superior part takes cognizance of it, and be some way inclined to the wickedness, yet that may not make it criminal, for every (a)inclination is not sufficient for this purpose, but full consent of will, such as is perfectly deliberate; neither is a tacit and constructive consent sufficient. (b)A neglect to repel or suppress the delight in sin, with some reluctancy of reason, is with Bonaventure constructive consent, which in the opinion of many Doctors is no mortal sin. Now if there be not a concurrence of all these, the horridest crime that can be perpetrated will be a Venial. If a man should Blaspheme God, or Curse Christ, or renounce the Faith, or Murder his own Father, or Ravish his own Child, or Mother, or fire Cities and Countries; yet if he did it not with such perfection of judgment, deliberation, and consent, as is expressed; it would be a petty fault. And he may be easily furnished with many things, which will any of them so weaken this, as not to hurt him.
That any sin may be mortal, there must be judicium integrum (t)an intire judgment, not distracted, not weakened, not disturbed, as they prove out of their Canon Law: Also there must be (u)perfect deliberation, 'tis venial (how grievous soever otherwise), where there is not perfect deliberation: If by any means, deliberation not only in it self, but in its perfection, be either prevented (and the thing be done before the mind take due cognizance of it,) or hindered (while it is under debate) it cannot be mortal. And that deliberation may be perfect, there must be a (x)sufficient presenting of the evil in its object, and its circumstances. If the mind only consider the advantage, or pleasure, and not the sinfulness and danger; 'tis but a semi-deliberation, and not full enough to make a sin mortal. Besides it will require (y)time to perfect it, and here they may favour the Sinner as much as they please by determining what time is sufficient for humane frailty; but if he be in hast, and do not stay this time, because he is so forward to sin, he will but sin Venially. Finally, there must be full consent of will. If the inferiour and sensual part take never so much complacency in a wicked thing; yet so ⟨p. 300⟩long as the Superiour takes no notice of it, there's no harm(z), 'tis certainly no more than a Venial: Or if the superiour part takes cognizance of it, and be some way inclined to the wickedness, yet that may not make it criminal, for every (a)inclination is not sufficient for this purpose, but full consent of will, such as is perfectly deliberate; neither is a tacit and constructive consent sufficient. (b)A neglect to repell or suppress the delight in sin, with some reluctancy of reason, is with Bonaventure constructive consent, which in the opinion of many Doctors is no mortal sin. Now if there be not a concurrence of all these, the horridest crime that can be perpetrated will be a Venial. If a man should Blaspheme God, or Curse Christ, or renounce the Faith, or Murder his own Father, or Ravish his own Child, or Mother, or fire Citys and Countrys; yet if he did it not with such perfection of judgment, deliberation, and consent, as is expressed; it would be a petty fault. And he may be easily furnished with many things, which will any of them so weaken this, as not to hurt him.
- (t)Ad constituendum peccatum mortal judicium integrum requiritur, Navarre. cap. 16. n. 8. Ad constituendum peccatum mortal integrum judicium requiri debet, cap. 1. de delict. puer. Graft. l. 1. c. 14. n. 4. requiritur plena advertentia, & non sufficit semiplena, qualis in semiebrijs, semidormientibus, & eis qui alio distrabuntur ut Cajetan, Navar. & alij communiter cum Bonacin de Matr. q. 4. punct. 7. n. 6. p. 313.Ad constituendum peccatum mortale judicium integrum requiritur, Navar. cap. 16. n. 8. Ad constituendum peccatum mortale integrum judicium requiri debet, cap. 1. de delict. puer. Graff. l. 1. c. 14. n. 4. requiritur plena advertentia, & non sufficit semiplena, qualis in semiebrijs, semidormientibus, & eis qui alio distrabuntur ut Cajetan, Navar. & alij communiter cum Bonacin de Matr. q. 4. punct. 7. n. 6. p. 313.
- (u)Vid. St. Clar. Probl. 14. p. 79. & Toll. l. 4. c. 12. Cajetan. Sum. v. delect. mores. p. 112.Vid. St. Clar. Probl. 14. p. 79. & Tol. l. 4. c. 12. Cajetan. Sum. v. delect. mores. p. 112.
- (x)Veniale ex imperfectione operis, licet in re gravi, ubi deest perfecta deliberatio, vel presentatio sufficiens malitiae in objecto, &c. St. Clar. ibid.
- (y)Per sufficientem deliberationem intelligit (Bonaventura) tempus sufficiens ad deliberandum postquam ratio advertit. Sylvest. v. Consens. n. 1. Intelligitur si advertentia sit satis deliberata. Nam si est motus surreptitius, adeo ut sit subita deliberatio non autem plena, poterit esse veniale (perjurium): scilicet si tempus non suppetebat ad plene deliberandum, Soto de Just. lib. 8. q. 2. ar 3. p. 271. sufficiens advertentia & deliberatio non habetur sine discursu: discursus autem in tempore sit, Suar. de Vot. l. 1. c. 9.
- (z)Contingit igitur delectari ad apprehensionem delectabilis, ante adversionem delectationis, & hoc est sensualitatis, & absque dubio est veniale peccatum. Bonaventura 2. dist. 24. n. 74.
- (a)Vid. Bonavent. ibid. n. 64.
- (b)Negligentia repellendi complacentiam, cum displicentia rationis de ea secundum Bonaventur. est consensus interpretativus: quod non est mortale▪ peccatum secundum multos magistros, Sylv. v. Consensus▪ n. 1. Necessaria est positiva complacentia—& non sufficit consensus interpretativus, Cajetan. & alii in Bonacin. ibid. n. 8. Vid. Jo. Sanc. disp. 21. n. 3. & ibi. Adrian. Cajetan. Armilla. Navarre. D. Thom. D. Bonavent. & 30. alij.