The History of the Reformation of the Church of Scotland

In the beginning of the fifteenth age there was a great Schism in the Romish Church, Pope against Pope; yea, sometimes there were three Popes at one time fighting one against another, and excommunicating one another; this Schism lasted about thirty years, and by the Council of Constance Martin the fifth was made Pope, and the rest defeated: There was one John Fogo, a Monk of Milros, who in Scotland defended the Election of Martin by the Council, against Benedict, alias, Peter de Lune.

In the beginning of the fifteenth age there was a great Schisme in the Romish Church, Pope against Pope; yea, sometimes there were three Popes at one time fighting one against another, and excommunicating one another; this Schisme lasted about thirty yeers, and by the Councell of Constance Martin the fift was made Pope, and the rest defeated: There was one Iohn Fogo, a Monke of Milros, who in Scotland defended the Election of Martin by the Councell, against Benedict, alias, Peter de Lune.

During this forenamed Schism, many (taking occasion of the openness of the times) began boldly and freely to speak against the bad Doctrine, Government and Lives of the Church-men, and that not only in private discourse, but they also preached it publicly, as John Wycliffe in England, John Hus and Jerome of Prague in Bohemia, who spoke before the people freely of the Tyranny of the Government of the Clergy, the corruption of their Doctrine, and wickedness of their lives. In those days also there were some in Scotland, who feared not to make known to the people the Truth of God, as namely James Resby and Paul Craw (among others) who suffered Martyrdom for the Truth. About this time the Carthusians were brought from England into Scotland, and had built unto them a Monastery at Perth. In this Age the University of Saint Andrews was set up, chiefly by the means of Henry Wardlaw Bishop of the place, that in some kind the Schools of Learning might not be altogether wanting, which formerly had flourished for so long a time among the Culdees, and of later years had quite decayed; this good did Wardlaw: As his Predecessor William Trail had built the Castle of the same City; So his Successor James Kenedy built the old College likewise, called Saint Salvator his College; Patrick Grahame, that came after him, was the man that brought into Scotland the Title of Primate, Metropolitan, and Archbishop, by Bull of Sextus quartus. From the first Preaching of the Gospel, till Palladius, the Church of Scotland was happy without Bishops. From Palladius to King Malcolm his days the Bishops had no distinct Dioceses or Parishes from King Malcolm: till Patrick Grahame they were without Archbishops; this Title and higher rank of Authority did not succeed well with Grahame, for the other Bishops could suffer no Superior under the Pope, namely so near them, hitherto having rejected all the pretensions of the Archbishop of York; The inferior Clergy also were afraid of the increase of the Authority of the Man whom they conceived austere and rigid, and so by the Faction of the corrupt Court and disordered Clergy, poor Grahame lost the Title he had procured, with the Benefice, and one Shevez got his spoil; and