Exercitations on the Epistle to the Hebrews also concerning the Messiah wherein the promises concerning him to be a spiritual redeemer of mankind are explained and vindicated, his coming and accomplishment of his work according to the promises is proved and confirmed, the person, or who he is, is declared, the whole economy of the mosaical law, rites, worship, and sacrifice is explained : and in all the doctrine of the person, office, and work of the Messiah is opened, the nature and demerit of the first sin is unfolded, the opinions and traditions of the ancient and modern Jews are examined, their objections against the Lord Christ and the Gospel are answered, the time of the coming of the Messiah is stated, and the great fundamental truths of the Gospel vindicated : with an exposition and discourses on the two first chapters of the said epistle to the Hebrews / by J. Owen ...Exercitations on the Epistle to the Hebrews also concerning the Messiah wherein the promises concerning him to be a spiritual redeemer of mankind are explained and vindicated, his coming and accomplishment of his work according to the promises is proved and confirmed, the person, or who he is, is declared, the whole oeconomy of the mosaical law, rites, worship, and sacrifice is explained : and in all the doctrine of the person, office, and work of the Messiah is opened, the nature and demerit of the first sin is unfolded, the opinions and traditions of the antient and modern Jews are examined, their objections against the Lord Christ and the Gospel are answered, the time of the coming of the Messiah is stated, and the great fundamental truths of the Gospel vindicated : with an exposition and discourses on the two first chapters of the said epistle to the Hebrews / by J. Owen ...
John Owen 1616–1683London: printed by Robert White for Nathaniel Ponder, 1668
Modern spelling is a reading aid: the words are the author’s, only the spelling is modernized. Original shows the page as printed, with the transcription marks.
§ 25 The fifth Family of Negative Precepts compriseth thirty eight prohibitions about meats, or what may be eaten. 1. That no unclean beasts be eaten, Levit. 11.4. 2. That no unclean fish be eaten, ver. 11. 3. That no unclean bird or foul be eaten, ver. 13. 4. That no creeping thing that also flieth be eaten, ver. 41. 5. That no creeping things of the earth be eaten, ver. 41. 6. That no creeping thing of the waters be eaten, ver. 41. 7. That no worms of the earth be eaten, ver. 44. 8. Nor the worms of fruit, ver. 42. 9. That what dieth of it self be not eaten, Deut. 14.21. 10. Nor that which is torn, Exod. 22.31. 11. No blood be eaten, Levit. 7.26. 12. That the fat be not eaten, ver. 23. 13. That no member taken from a living creature be eaten, Deut. 12.23. 14. That ⟨p. 283⟩the sinew which shrank be not eaten, Gen. 32.32. 15. That flesh be not boiled in the Milk of the Beast, whose it is. 16. That the flesh be not eaten with milk, Exod. 23.19. 17. That the flesh of an Ox stoned for pushing or goring, be not eaten, Exod. 21.28. 18. That new bread be not eaten until after the offering of the Homer. 19. That parched corn. 20. That green ears be not eaten until an Offering be first given, Lev. 23.14. 21. That the fruit of a young Tree be not eaten until it hath born three years, Lev. 19.23. 22. That a mixture of fruits from the Vineyard be not eaten, Deut. 22.10. 23
. That the Nazarite drink no Wine, not any thing that comes of it. 32. That he eat no green Grapes. 33. Nor pressed Grapes. 34. Nor the kernels of the Grapes. 35. Nor the husks of them,
. That he shave not his head: 37. That he defile not himself for the dead. 38. That he enter not an house where any is dead, v. 5, 6, 7.
§ 25 The fifth Family of Negative Precepts compriseth thirty eight prohibitions about meats, or what may be eaten. 1. That no unclean beasts be eaten, Levit. 11.4. 2. That no unclean fish be eaten, ver. 11. 3. That no unclean bird or foul be eaten, ver. 13. 4. That no creeping thing that also flieth be eaten, ver. 41. 5. That no creeping things of the earth be eaten, ver. 41. 6. That no creeping thing of the waters be eaten, ver. 41. 7. That no worms of the earth be eaten, ver. 44. 8. Nor the worms of fruit, ver. 42. 9. That what dieth of it self be not eaten, Deut. 14.21. 10. Nor that which is torn, Exod. 22.31. 11. No bloud be eaten, Levit. 7.26. 12. That the fat be not eaten, ver. 23. 13. That no member taken from a living creature be eaten, Deut. 12.23. 14. That ⟨p. 283⟩the sinew which shrank be not eaten, Gen. 32.32. 15. That flesh be not boyled in the Milk of the Beast, whose it is. 16. That the flesh be not eaten with milk, Exod. 23.19. 17. That the flesh of an Ox stoned for pushing or goring, be not eaten, Exod. 21.28. 18. That new bread be not eaten untill after the offering of the Homer. 19. That parched corn. 20. That green ears be not eaten untill an Offering be first given, Lev. 23.14. 21. That the fruit of a young Tree be not eaten untill it hath born three years, Lev. 19.23. 22. That a mixture of fruits from the Vineyard be not eaten, Deut. 22.10. 23. The Wine of Drink-Offerings offered to Idols be not drank, Deut. 32.38. 24. That none eat as a Glutton, Lev. 19.26. 25. That none eat on the day of Expiation, Lev. 23.27.28. 26. That no leaven, be eaten on the Passeover, Exod. 12.15. 27. Nor any thing mixed with leaven, v. 20. 28. That no leaven be eaten on the even of the Passeover,Deut. 16.3. 29. That no leaven be found in our houses after that time, Exod. 12.19. 30. That no leaven be found in any place under our power, Exod. 13.7. 31. That the Nizarite drink no Wine, not any thing that comes of it. 32. That he eat no green Grapes. 33. Nor pressed Grapes. 34. Nor the kernels of the Grapes. 35. Nor the husks of them, Numb. 6.2, 3, 4. 36. That he shave not his head: 37. That he defile not himself for the dead. 38. That he enter not an house where any is dead, v. 5, 6, 7.
The Sixth Family compriseth eighteen Prohibitions, about Fields and Harvest. § 26 1. That the whole Field be not mowed or reaped. 2. That the ears which fall in reaping be not gathered up. 3. That the Grapes left by Vine Gatherers be not sought after. 4. That the unripe Grapes be not gathered, Lev. 19.9, 10. 5. That men return not for a sheaf forgotten,Deut. 24.9. 6. That mixed seeds be not found in the same Field, Lev. 19.19. 7. That Plants of several kinds be not set in the same Vineyard, Deut. 22.10. 8. That there be no mixture of Beasts of several sorts, Lev. 19.19. 9. That we plough not with an Ox and an Ass, Deut. 22.11. 10. That the mouth of a Beast labouring in that which may be eaten, be not muzzled, Deut. 25.4. 11. That in the seventh year, the Land be not ploughed. 12. Nor the Trees dressed. 13. Nor things moved, that grow on their own ground. 14. Nor the fruits gathered as in other years, Lev. 25.4. 15. That the Earth be no tilled in the year of Jubilee. 16. Nor things cut down growing on their own Field. 17. Nor the fruits of that year be gathered, Lev. 25.11. 18. That no field in the Holy Land be sold for ever.
The Sixth Family compriseth eighteen Prohibitions, about Fields and Harvest. § 26 1. That the whole Field be not mowed or reaped. 2. That the ears which fall in reaping be not gathered up. 3. That the Grapes left by Vine Gatherers be not sought after. 4. That the unripe Grapes be not gathered, Lev. 19.9, 10. 5. That men return not for a sheaf forgotten,Deut. 24.9. 6. That mixed seeds be not found in the same Field, Lev. 19.19. 7. That Plants of several kinds be not set in the same Vineyard, Deut. 22.10. 8. That there be no mixture of Beasts of several sorts, Lev. 19.19. 9. That we plough not with an Ox and an Ass, Deut. 22.11. 10. That the mouth of a Beast labouring in that which may be eaten, be not muzled, Deut. 25.4. 11. That in the seventh year, the Land be not ploughed. 12. Nor the Trees dressed. 13. Nor things mov'd, that grow on their own ground. 14. Nor the fruits gathered as in other years, Lev. 25.4. 15. That the Earth be no tilled in the year of Jubilee. 16. Nor things cut down growing on their own Field. 17. Nor the fruits of that year be gathered, Lev. 25.11. 18. That no field in the Holy Land be sold for ever.
The Seventh Family, they call the House of Doctrines, under which head they refer § 27 things of sundry kinds which they know not well how to reduce unto one general sort, or head of one Name, and it is branched into forty five Prohibitions. 1. That the Levites be not forsaken, Deut. 12.19. 2. That the Fields of Suburbs of the Levites be not changed. Lev. 25.34. 3. That no Debt be claimed after the year of release, Deut. 15.2. 4. That we forget not to give to the poor, what he wants, Deut. 15.7, 8. 5. That we omit not to lend to the poor, because the year of release draws nigh, v. 9.10. 6. That a Jew Servant be not set at liberty empty, ver. 13. 7. That Debt be not exacted of the poor, Exod. 22.25. 8. That no money be lent unto an Israelite on usury, Lev. 25.37. 9. That what is lent be not received again with usury, Deut. 13.19. 10. That we be not Arbitrators between Lenders and Borrowers on usury, Exod. 22.25. 12. That a pledge be not taken of a Borrower with rigour or violence, Deut. 24.10.11. 13. That the pledge of a poor Man that wants it, be not detained, v. 12. 14. That a pledge be not taken of a Widows garments, v. 17. 15. That things necessary to sustain humane life, be not taken to pledge, v. 6. 16. That none steal, Exod. 20.13. 17. Nor take the goods of any by Robbery, Lev. 19.11. 18. That we oppress not our Neighbour. 19. Or take his goods by violence, v. 13. 20. That no Man deny his Neighbours goods that are with him. 21. That none swear falsely concerning any thing deposited, with him, Lev. 19.13. 22. That we straiten not the bounds of our Neighbour, Deut. 19.14. 23. That none deceive his neighbour in buying and selling, Lev. 25.14. 25. That we deceive him not in words, 7.17. 26. That no stranger be deceived in words. 27. Nor in buying or selling, Exod. 22.21. 28. That the Widow and Orphan be not oppressed, v. 22, 23, 24. 29. That a Servant flying from his Master, unto the Holy Land, be not given up to him. 30. That he be not defrauded in any thing, Deut. 23.15. 31. That an Hebrew Servant be not used as a Bond-man. 32. That he be not sold for a slave. 33. That service be not exacted of ⟨p. 284⟩him with bitterness. 34. That no Heathen be suffered to treat him hardly, Lev. 25.39.42, 43, 46, 47. 35. That a Jewish Maid-servant be not fold to another. 36. That the three things required in the Law be not denied to such a Servant, Exod. 21.7, 8, 9, 10, 11. 37.
The Seventh Family, they call the House of Doctrines, under which head they refer § 27 things of sundry kinds which they know not well how to reduce unto one general sort, or head of one Name, and it is branched into forty five Prohibitions. 1. That the Levites be not forsaken, Deut. 12.19. 2. That the Fields of Suburbs of the Levites be not changed. Lev. 25.34. 3. That no Debt be claimed after the year of release, Deut. 15.2. 4. That we forget not to give to the poor, what he wants, Deut. 15.7, 8. 5. That we omit not to lend to the poor, because the year of release draws nigh, v. 9.10. 6. That a Jew Servant be not set at liberty empty, ver. 13. 7. That Debt be not exacted of the poor, Exod. 22.25. 8. That no money be lent unto an Israelite on usury, Lev. 25.37. 9. That what is lent be not received again with usury, Deut. 13.19. 10. That we be not Arbitrators between Lenders and Borrowers on usury, Exod. 22.25. 12. That a pledge be not taken of a Borrower with rigor or violence, Deut. 24.10.11. 13. That the pledge of a poor Man that wants it, be not detained, v. 12. 14. That a pledge be not taken of a Widows garments, v. 17. 15. That things necessary to sustain humane life, be not taken to pledge, v. 6. 16. That none steal, Exod. 20.13. 17. Nor take the goods of any by Robbery, Lev. 19.11. 18. That we oppress not our Neighbour. 19. Or take his goods by violence, v. 13. 20. That no Man deny his Neighbours goods that are with him. 21. That none swear falsly concerning any thing deposited, with him, Lev. 19.13. 22. That we straiten not the bounds of our Neighbour, Deut. 19.14. 23. That none deceive his neighbour in buying and selling,
That a fair Woman taken in War be not sold. 38. That she be not used as a Bond-woman, Deut. 21.24. 39. That we covet not, Exod. 20.17. 40. That nothing of other mens be desired, Deut. 5.21. 41. That the hire-ling eat not whilst he is in the field. 42. That he take no more out of the field, then what he can eat, Deut. 23.24. 43. That what is lost, be not hidden, Deut. 22.1, 2, 3. 44. That we leave not a Beast under his burden, v. 4. 45. That there be no deceit in weights and measures, Lev. 19.35. 46. That we keep no false weights or measures in our Houses, Deut. 25.13, 14.
That a fair Woman taken in War be not sold. 38. That she be not used as a Bond-woman, Deut. 21.24. 39. That we covet not, Exod. 20.17. 40. That nothing of other mens be desired, Deut. 5.21. 41. That the hire-ling eat not whilest he is in the field. 42. That he take no more out of the field, then what he can eat, Deut. 23.24. 43. That what is lost, be not hidden, Deut. 22.1, 2, 3. 44. That we leave not a Beast under his burden, v. 4. 45. That there be no deceit in weights and measures, Lev. 19.35. 46. That we keep no false weights or measures in our Houses, Deut. 25.13, 14.
§ 28 The Eighth Family relates unto Justice and Judgement in forty six Prohibitions. 1. That Justice be not violated, Lev. 19.15. 2. That gifts be not received in Judgement, Exod. 23.8. 3. That none be respected in Judgement, Lev. 19.15. 4. That none fear a wicked man in Judgement, Deut. 1.17. 5. That we pity not a poor man in Judgement, Exod. 23.3. 6. That we have no pity for a Man-slayer, or other criminal person, Deut. 19.13. 7. That the Judgement of the poor be not perverted, Exod. 23.6. 8. Nor of the stranger, Widow, or Orphan, Deut. 24.17. 9. That one party be not heard in the absence of another, Exod. 23.1. 10. That we decline not after many in the Judgement of Law. 11. Nor shall a Judge condemn according to the opinion of another, but his own, Exod. 23.2. 12. That none be chosen a Judge, that is not learned in the Law, though he be wise in other things, Deut. 17.17. 13. That none bear false witness, Exod. 20.14. 14. That no Offender be justified, Exod. 23.1. 15. That Kinsmen be not Witnesses, Deut. 24.16. 16. That none be condemned upon one witness, Deut. 19.15. 17. That none be condemned to death on conjecture, opinions, or thoughts, but upon clear witnesses, Exod. 23.7. 18. That we kill not, Exod. 20.13. 19. That a guilty person be not put to death, before he appear in Judgement, Numb. 35.12. 20. That no reward be taken for the life of a Murderer. 21. Nor for him that commits Man-slaughter by error, Numb. 35.31. 22. That none be Judge and Witness in a Criminal Cause, v 30. 23. That none pity the Woman mentioned, Deut. 25.12. 24. She that is forced, is not to be punished, Deut. 22.26. 25. That none appear against, the blood of his Neighbour, Lev. 19.16. 26. That no cause of offence, or falling be left in an house, Deut. 22.8. 27. That none lay a stumbling block before an Israelite, Lev. 19.14. 28. That the beating with stripes exceed not the number of forty, Deut. 25.3. 29. That none calumniate or accuse falsely, Lev. 19.16. 30. That we hate not our Neighbour in our heart v. 17. 31. That none put an Israelite to reproach, v. 17. 32. That none exercise revenge on his Neighbour. 33. That none bear ill will in their mind, v. 18. 34. That the Mother and its young be not taken together, Deut. 22.6. 35. That a Scall be not shaven, Lev. 13.33. 36. That the signs of Leprosy be not removed, Deut. 27.8. 37.
§ 28 The Eighth Family relates unto Justice and Judgement in forty six Prohibitions. 1. That Justice be not violated, Lev. 19.15. 2. That gifts be not received in Judgement, Exod. 23.8. 3. That none be respected in Judgement, Lev. 19.15. 4. That none fear a wicked man in Judgement, Deut. 1.17. 5. That we pitty not a poor man in Judgement, Exod. 23.3. 6. That we have no pity for a Man-slayer, or other criminal person, Deut. 19.13. 7. That the Judgement of the poor be not perverted, Exod. 23.6. 8. Nor of the stranger, Widow, or Orphan, Deut. 24.17. 9. That one party be not heard in the absence of another, Exod. 23.1. 10. That we decline not after many in the Judgement of Law. 11. Nor shall a Judge condemn according to the opinion of another, but his own, Exod. 23.2. 12. That none be chosen a Judge, that is not learned in the Law, though he be wise in other things, Deut. 17.17. 13. That none bear false witness, Exod. 20.14. 14. That no Offender be justified, Exod. 23.1. 15. That Kinsmen be not Witnesses, Deut. 24.16. 16. That none be condemned upon one witness, Deut. 19.15. 17. That none be condemned to death on conjecture, opinions, or thoughts, but upon clear witnesses, Exod. 23.7. 18. That we kill not,
That the place where the Heifer is beheaded, be not tilled, Deut. 21.4. 38. That a Sorcerer be not suffered to live, Exod. 22.18. 39. That a new Married Man, be not bound to go forth to War▪Deut. 24.5. 40. That none be rebellious against the Sanhedrin at Jerusalem, and their Doctrine, Deut. 17.11. 41. That nothing be added to the precepts of the Law. 42. That nothing be taken from them, Deut. 4.2. 43. That we speak not evil of the Judge, nor of the Prince of the People, Exod. 22.28. 44. That none speak evil of any in Israel, Lev. 19.14. 45. That none curse Father or Mother. 46. That none strike Father or Mother, Exod. 21.17.
§ 29 The Ninth Family of Negative Precepts, concerns Feasts, and contains Ten Prohibitions. 1. That no work be done on the Sabbath, Exod. 20.10. 2. That none go out, or beyond the bounds of the City on the Sabbath, Exod. 16.29. 3. That no punishment be inflicted on the Sabbath, Exod. 35.3. 4. That no work be done on the first day of the Passover. 5. That no work be done on the seventh day of the Passover, Lev. 23.7, 8. 6. That no work be done in the Feast of Weeks, v. 21. 7. That no work be done on the first day of the seventh month, v. 24, 25. 8. That no Work be done on the day of Expiation, v. 30. 9. That no work be done on the first day of Tabernacles. 10. That no work be done on the eighth day of release, v. 34, 35, 37.
§ 29 The Ninth Family of Negative Precepts, concerns Feasts, and contains Ten Prohibitions. 1. That no work be done on the Sabbath, Exod. 20.10. 2. That none go out, or beyond the bounds of the City on the Sabbath, Exod. 16.29. 3. That no punishment be inflicted on the Sabbath, Exod. 35.3. 4. That no work be done on the first day of the Passeover. 5. That no work be done on the seventh day of the Passeover, Lev. 23.7, 8. 6. That no work be done in the Feast of Weeks, v. 21. 7. That no work be done on the first day of the seventh moneth, v. 24, 25. 8. That no Work be done on the day of Expiation, v. 30. 9. That no work be done on the first day of Tabernacles. 10. That no work be done on the eighth day of release, v. 34, 35, 37.
The Tenth Family of Negative Precepts is concerning Chastity and affinity; and § 30 purity, in twenty four Precepts. 1. That none uncover the nakedness of his Mother. 2. Of his Fathers Wife. 3. Of his Sister. 4. Of the Daughter of his Fathers Wife, Lev. 18.7, 8, 9, 11. 5. Of the Daughter of his Son. 6. Of the Daughter of his Daughter. 7. Of his own Daughter v. 10. 8. Of a Woman and her Daughter. 9. Of a Woman and the Daughter of her Son. 10. Of a Woman and the Daughter of her Daughter, v. 17. 11. Of a Fathers Sister. 12. A Mothers Sister, v. 12.13. 13. Of an Unkles Wife, v. 19. 14. Of a Daughter in Law, v. 15. 15. Of a Brothers Wife, v. 16. 16. Of a Wives Sister, she being living, ver. 14. 17. Of a married Woman, Exod. 20.13. 18. Of a separated Woman, Lev. 18.19. 19. That none commit the sin of Sodomy, v. 22. 20. That none uncover the nakedness of her Father. 21. Nor of the Brother of her Father v. 7.14. 22. That filthiness be not committed with any Beast by a Man. 23. Nor by a Woman, Lev. 18.23. 24. That none draw nigh to a prohibited Woman, Lev. 18.6
The Tenth Family of Negative Precepts is concerning Chastity and affinity; and § 30 purity, in twenty four Precepts. 1. That none uncover the nakedness of his Mother. 2. Of his Fathers Wife. 3. Of his Sister. 4. Of the Daughter of his Fathers Wife, Lev. 18.7, 8, 9, 11. 5. Of the Daughter of his Son. 6. Of the Daughter of his Daughter. 7. Of his own Daughter v. 10. 8. Of a Woman and her Daughter. 9. Of a Woman and the Daughter of her Son. 10. Of a Woman and the Daughter of her Daughter, v. 17. 11. Of a Fathers Sister. 12. A Mothers Sister, v. 12.13. 13. Of an Vnkles Wife, v. 19. 14. Of a Daughter in Law, v. 15. 15. Of a Brothers Wife, v. 16. 16. Of a Wifes Sister, she being living, ver. 14. 17. Of a married Woman, Exod. 20.13. 18. Of a separated Woman, Lev. 18.19. 19. That none commit the sin of Sodomy, v. 22. 20. That none uncover the nakedness of her Father. 21. Nor of the Brother of her Father v. 7.14. 22. That filthiness be not committed with any Beast by a Man. 23. Nor by a Woman, Lev. 18.23. 24. That none draw nigh to a prohibited Woman, Lev. 18.6
The Eleventh Family concerns Marriages in eight Prohibitions. 1. That a Bastard § 31 take not an Israelitess to Wife, Deut. 23.2. 2. That no Eunuch take a Daughter of Israel, v. 1. 3. That no male be made an Eunuch, Lev. 22.24. 4. That there be no Whore in Israel, Deut. 23.17. 5. That he who hath divorced his Wife, may not take her again, after she hath been married to another, Deut. 24 4. 6. The Brothers Daughter marry not with a stranger, Deut. 25.5. 7. That he divorce not his Wife who hath defamed her in her youth, Deut. 22.19. 8. He that hath forced a Maid, shall not divorce her, Deut. 22.29.
The Twelfth Family concerns the Kingdom and is made up of four Precepts. § 32 1. That no King be chosen or a strange Nation, Deut. 17.15. 2. That the King get not himself many Horses, v. 16. 3. That he multiply not Wives. 4. That he heap not up to himself Treasures of Silver and Gold, v. 17.
This is the Account that the Jews give of the precepts of the Law, and both the § 33 number of them, as also their distribution and distinction which they have cast them into, are part as they pretend of their Oral Law; which may easily be improved unto a conviction of the vanity of it. For whereas it▪ is evident, that many of these precepts are coincident, many pretended so to be, are no precepts at all, and sundry of them are not founded on the places from whence they profess to gather them; yea, that in many of them the mind of the Holy Ghost is plainly perverted, and a contrary sense annexed unto his words, so it is most unquestionable, that there are sundry Commands and Institutions, especially in, about and concerning Sacrifices, that are no way taken notice of by them in this collection, as I could easily make good by instances sufficient, it is evident that that Rule cannot be of God, whereof this collection is pretended to be a part. But as I have said before, because there is a Representation in them of no small multitude of commands, especially in things concerning their carnal Worship, it was necessary that they should be here represented, though they have been before transcribed from them by others. My principal design herein, is to give light into some passages of our Apostle, as also to other expressions concerning this Law of Commandments contained in Ordinances, in other places of the Scripture.
The Censure our Apostle gives of this whole System of Divine Worship, Chap. 9. § 34 v. 1, 10. The first Covenant had also Ordinances of Divine Service, and a worldly Sanctuary, which stood only in meats and drinks, and divers washings, and carnal Ordinances, imposed on them until the time of reformation, is very remarkable. Let any one cast an Eye upon this multitude of commands about meats and drinks, washings and outward carnal observances, which are here collected, and he will quickly see how directly and pertinently the description given by our Apostle, is suited to their services. And that not only as to the manner and multitude of them, but also as to their natures. They are carnal things, and could by no means effect the great, spiritual, glorious and eternal ends, which God had designed, proposed and promised in that Covenant unto whose administration they were annexed, until the time of Reformation should come. Hence elsewhere, as Coloss. 10.20. He calls them the rudiments of the world, Ordinances about touching, tasting, and handling, ⟨p. 286⟩about meats, and drinks, things outwardly clean, or unclean, all which perish with their using.
The Censure our Apostle gives of this whole System of Divine Worship, Chap. 9. § 34 v. 1, 10. The first Covenant had also Ordinances of Divine Service, and a worldly Sanctuary, which stood only in meats and drinks, and divers washings, and carnal Ordinances, imposed on them untill the time of reformation, is very remarkable. Let any one cast an Eye upon this multitude of commands about meats and drinks, washings and outward carnal observances, which are here collected, and he will quickly see how directly and pertinently the description given by our Apostle, is suited to their services. And that not only as to the manner and multitude of them, but also as to their natures. They are carnal things, and could by no means effect the great, spiritual, glorious and eternal ends, which God had designed, proposed and promised in that Covenant unto whose administration they were annexed, until the time of Reformation should come. Hence elsewhere, as Coloss. 10.20. He calls them the rudiments of the world, Ordinances about touching, tasting, and handling, ⟨p. 286⟩about meats, and drinks, things outwardly clean, or unclean, all which perish with their using.
§ 35 A little view also of the multiplicity of these precepts, and the scrupulous observances required about them, and their circumstances, will give light into that of another Apostle, Acts 15.20. Calling the Law, a yoke which neither their Fathers, nor themselves were ever able to bear. For although the weight of this yoke did principally consist in the matter of it, and the performance of duties required in it, yet it was greatly increased and aggravated by that multitude of commands wherein it consisted. Whence our Apostle calls it, the Law of Commandments contained in Ordinances, Ephes. 2.15. Consisting of an endless number of commands, concerning which their minds could never attain any comfortable satisfaction whether they had answered their duty aright in them or no.
The Sanction of the Law in Promises and Threatenings. The Law considered several ways. As the Rule of the old Covenant. As having a new end put to it. As it was the Instrument of the Jewish Polity. The sanction of it in those senses. Punishments threatened to be inflicted by God himself. By others. Promises of three sorts. To be fulfilled by God himself. By others. Parents how they prolong the lives of their children. Punishment [Greek or Hebrew] what. Providential punishments. Partial. Total. Persons entrusted with power of punishment. The original distribution of the people. Task-masters and Officers in Egypt, who. The authority of Moses. The distribution of the people in the Wilderness. Institution of the Sanhedrin. Judges. Kings. Penalties Ecclesiastical. The three degrees of it explained and examined. Causes of Niddui. Instance, Joh. 9.20. Of Cherem. And Shammatha. Forms of an Excommunication. The Sentence, Ezra 10.7, 8. explained. Civil Penalties and Capital. The several sorts of them.
The Sanction of the Law in Promises and Threatnings. The Law considered several ways. As the Rule of the old Covenant. As having a new end put to it. As it was the Instrument of the Jewish Polity. The sanction of it in those senses. Punishments threatned to be inflicted by God himself. By others. Promises of three sorts. To be fulfilled by God himself. By others. Parents how they prolong the lives of their children. Punishment 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 what. Providential punishments. Partial. Total. Persons entrusted with power of punishment. The original distribution of the people. Task-masters and Officers in Egypt, who. The authority of Moses. The distribution of the people in the Wilderness. Institution of the Sanhedrin. Judges. Kings. Penalties Ecclesiastical. The three degrees of it explained and examined. Causes of Niddui. Instance, Joh. 9.20. Of Cherem. And Shammatha. Forms of an Excommunication. The Sentence, Ezra 10.7, 8. explained. Civil Penalties and Capital. The several sorts of them.
BY the Sanction of the Law we intend the Promises and Penalties wherewith, by § 1 God, the observation of it, and obedience unto it, was enforced. This the Apostle hath respect unto in sundry places of this Epistle, the principal whereof are reported in the fore-going Dissertation. To represent this distinctly, we may observe, that the Law falls under a three-fold consideration: First, As it was a Repetition and Expression of the Law of Nature, and the Covenant of Works established thereon. Secondly, as it had a new End and design put upon the Administration of it, to direct the Church unto the use and benefit of the Promise given of old to Adam, and renewed unto Abraham four hundred and thirty years before. Thirdly, As it was the Instrument of the Rule and Government of the Church and People of Israel, with respect unto the Covenant made with them in and about the Land of Canaan. And in this three-fold respect it had a three-fold Sanction.
. That the Widow and Orphan be not oppressed, v. 22, 23, 24. 29. That a Servant flying from his Master, unto the Holy Land, be not given up to him. 30. That he be not defrauded in any thing,
. That an Hebrew Servant be not used as a Bond-man. 32. That he be not sold for a slave. 33. That service be not exacted of
⟨p. 284⟩
him with bitterness. 34. That no Heathen be suffered to treat him hardly, Lev. 25.39.42, 43, 46, 47. 35. That a Jewish Maid-servant be not fold to another. 36. That the three things required in the Law be not denyed to such a Servant, Exod. 21.7, 8, 9, 10, 11. 37.
. That we hate not our Neighbour in our heart v. 17. 31. That none put an Israelite to reproach, v. 17. 32. That none exercise revenge on his Neighbour. 33. That none bear ill will in their mind, v. 18. 34. That the Mother and its young be not taken together,
