1. Radically and virtually, as in the first Subject. For these Reasons. 1. Because, if living Creatures have radically in them a power of self-preservation, to defend themselves from violence and wrongs; men united in Societies, being reasonable Creatures, must have that power in a more reasonable and honourable way, to put this power into the hands of Civil ⟨p. 6⟩Rulers; nor doth a Community, in choosing Civil Rulers, surrender so much their right and liberty to their Rulers, as their Power, both Active to do, and Passive to suffer unjust violence, so as the People shall not have Moral Power to do, or avenge injuries, proprio mart, without punishment. 2. Because, if men United in a Civil Society, may give Magistratical Power to such and such, leaving out others; (then this Power was in this united Society; but it was not in them formally (for then all should be Rulers) therefore this Power was in them only virtually; for Nemo dat quod non habet, None can give that which they have not either formally, or virtually in themselves.
2. Communicatively, By way of free Donation; the People giving to this or that man, and not to others, the Ruling Power over them. For, 1. In regular actings of the creature, God is the first Agent; there are not two several and distinct actings, one God, another of the People: but in one and the same action, God, by the Peoples suffrages, makes such an one Governor, or Magistrate, and not another. 2. God regulateth his People exercising their Power, in choosing such and such, and not others, to Rule over them; therefore they have Power from God's Ordinance to do it: for none can regulate a Non Ens, nor will God by his Word regulate unwarrantable actions, as he doth this. Exod 18.21. Moreover, provide thou among all the People men of courage, fearing God, men dealing truly, hating covetousness; and appoint such over them, to be Rulers over thousands, Rulers over hundreds, &c. Deut. 1.16, 17. And I charged your Judges, that same time, saying, Hear the Controversies between your Brethren, and judge righteously between every Man and his Brother, and the Stranger that is with him; ye shall have no respect of persons in judgment, but shall hear the small as well as the great; ye shall not fear the face of man, for the judgement is Gods, &c.
3. Limitively;
1. Radically and vertually, as in the first Subject. For these Reasons. 1. Because, if living Creatures have radically in them a power of self-preservation, to defend themselves from violence and wrongs; men united in Societies, being reasonable Creatures, must have that power in a more reasonable and honourable way, to put this power into the hands of Civil ⟨p. 6⟩Rulers; nor doth a Community, in chusing Civil Rulers, surrender so much their right and liberty to their Rulers, as their Power, both Active to do, and Passive to suffer unjust violence, so as the People shall not have Moral Power to do, or avenge injuries, proprio marte, without punishment. 2. Because, if men United in a Civil Society, may give Magistratical Power to such and such, leaving out others; (then this Power was in this united Society; but it was not in them formally (for then all should be Rulers) therefore this Power was in them only virtually; for Nemo dat quod non habet, None can give that which they have not either formally, or virtually in themselves.
2. Communciatively, By way of free Donation; the People giving to this or that man, and not to others, the Ruling Power over them. For, 1. In regular actings of the creature, God is the first Agent; there are not two several and distinct actings, one God, another of the People: but in one and the same action, God, by the Peoples suffrages, makes such an one Governour, or Magistrate, and not another. 2. God regulateth his People exercising their Power, in chusing such and such, and not others, to Rule over them; therefore they have Power from God's Ordinance to do it: for none can regulate a Non Ens, nor will God by his Word regulate unwarrantable actions, as he doth this. Exod 18.21. Moreover, provide thou among all the People men of courage, fearing God, men dealing truly, hating covetousness; and appoint such over them, to be Rulers over thousands, Rulers over hundreds, &c. Deut. 1.16, 17. And I charged your Judges, that same time, saying, Hear the Controversies between your Brethren, and judge righteously between every Man and his Brother, and the Stranger that is with him; ye shall have no respect of persons in judgment, but shall hear the small as well as the great; ye shall not fear the face of man, for the judgement is Gods, &c.
3. Limitively;
