N20568:7177
The new and complete book of martyrs; or, An universal history of martyrdom: being Fox's Book of martyrs, revised and corrected, with additions and great improvements. : Containing an authentic account of the lives, persecutions and sufferings of the holy martyrs; and the many dreadful persecutions against the Church of Christ in all parts of the world, by pagans, Jews, Turks, papists, and others, from earliest ages of the church to the present period. ... The whole forming at once a general Christian martyrology, and a complete history of persecutions. / By the Rev. Mr. John Fox, M.A. late of Magdalen College, Oxford. ; Now revised, corrected and improved, with many additional articles, relating to the acts and monuments of the church. By Paul Wright, D.D. ; Embellished with forty elegant copper plate engravings. ; In two volumes. Vol. I[-II].The new and complete book of martyrs; or, An universal history of martyrdom: being Fox's Book of marytrs, revised and corrected, with additions and great improvements. : Containing an authentic account of the lives, persecutions and sufferings of the holy martyrs; and the many dreadful persecutions against the Church of Christ in all parts of the world, by pagans, Jews, Turks, papists, and others, from earliest ages of the church to the present period. ... The whole forming at once a general Christian martyrology, and a complete history of persecutions. / By the Rev. Mr. John Fox, M.A. late of Magdalen College, Oxford. ; Now revised, corrected and improved, with many additional articles, relating to the acts and monuments of the church. By Paul Wright, D.D. ; Embellished with forty elegant copper plate engravings. ; In two volumes. Vol. I[-II].
New-York: printed by William Durell, 1794
Title page typeset from the transcription.
Modern spelling is a reading aid: the words are the author’s, only the spelling is modernized. Original shows the page as printed, with the transcription marks.
3. THAT the Lord gave to his disciples bread, and called it his body, the scriptures do witness. For he gave that, and called it his body, which he ⟨p. 653⟩took in his hand, whereon he gave thanks, which also he brake, and gave to his disciples, that is to say, bread, as the fathers Irenaeus, Tertullian, Origen, Cyprian, Epiphanius, Augustine, and all the residue which are of antiquity, do affirm: but inasmuch as the substance of bread and wine is another thing than the substance of the body and blood of Christ, it plainly appeareth that there is no transubstantiation.
4. THE bread is no more transubstantiate than the wine: but that the wine is not transubstantiate, St. Matthew and St. Mark teach us: for they witness that Christ said, he would drink no more of the fruit of the vine, which was not blood but wine: and therefore it follows, that there is no transubstantiation. Chrysostom upon St. Matthew, and Cyprian do affirm this reason.
4. THE bread is no more transubstantiate than the wine: but that the wine is not transubstantiate, St. Matthew and St. Mark teach us: for they witness that Christ said, he would drink no more of the fruit of the vine, which was not blood but wine: and therefore it follows, that there is no trans•bstantiation. Chrysostom upon St. Matthew, and Cyprian do affirm this reason.
5. AS the bread in the Lord's suppe• is Christ's natural body, so it is his mystical body: for the same Spirit that spake of it, This is my body, said also, For we many are one bread, •ne body, &c. but now it is not the mystical body by transubstantiation, and therefore it is not his natural body by transubstantiation.
6. THE words spoken over the cup in St. Luke and St. Paul, are not so mighty and effectual, as to transubstantiate it: for then the cup, or that which is in it, should be transubstantiated into the New Testament: therefore the words spoken over the bread, are not so mighty as to make transubstantiation.
7. ALL that doctrine which agreeth with those churches which be apostolical mother churches, is to be counted for truth, because it holdeth that which these churches received of the apostles, the apostles of Christ, and Christ of God. But it is manifest that the doctrine taught at this present by the church of Rome, concerning transubstantiation, doth not agree with the apostolical and mother churches of Greece, of Corinth, of Philippos, Colossia, Thessalonica, and Ephesus, which never taught transubstantiation; yea, it agreeth not with the doctrine of the church of Rome, as it was taught in times past. For pope Gelasius, setting forth the doctrine which that see then held, doth manifestly confute the error of transubstantiation, and ••proveth them for sacrilege who divided the mystery, and kept the cup from the laity: therefore the doctrine of transubstantiation agreeth not with the truth.
THIS was the writing which Weston pulled out of his bosom; and yet before he began to read it, he told Mr. Bradford that he had inquired of his conversation at Cambridge since his last being with him; and, said he, because you are a man not given to the glory of the world, I will speak it before your face; your life I have lea•ned was •••ays such there, as all men, even the greatest enemies you have, cannot but praise, and th•••fore […] love you much better than ever I did; •ut now I will read over your arguments, and so we will confer them. They are such that a man may well perceive you stand on conscience, and therefore I am the more ready and glad to pity you. So he began to read the first▪ to which he said, that though the word […] on began but lately, yet the thing always was, and hath been since Christ's institution.
THIS was the writing which Weston pulled out of his bosom; and yet before he began to read it, he told Mr. Bradford that he had inquired of his conversation at Cambridge since his last being with him; and, said he, because you are a man not given to the glory of the world, I will speak it before your face; your life I have lea•ned was •••ays such there, as all men, even the greatest e•emies you have, cannot but praise, and th•••fore 〈…〉 love you much better than ever I did; •ut now I will read over your arguments, and so we will confer them. They are such that a man may well perceive you stand on •onscience, and therefore I am the more ready and glad to pity you. So he began to read the first▪ to which he said, that though the word 〈…〉 on began but lately, yet the thing always was, and hath been since Christ's institution.
Brad. I do not contend, or insist upon the word only, but upon the thing which is as new as the word.
THEN Dr. Weston went to the second, and there brought out St. Augustine, how that if an evil man going to the devil, did make his will, his son and heir would not say his father did lie in it, or speak tropically: much more Christ, going to God, did never lie, or use any figurative speech in his last will and testament. Do you not remember this place of St. Augustine, said he?
Brad. Yes, sir, but I do not remember St. Augustine hath those words tropically, or figuratively, as you rehearse them: for any man may speak a thing figuratively and not lie: and so Christ did in his last supper.
AFTER this Dr. Weston went to the third, and brought forth Cyprian, how that the nature of bread is turned into flesh. Here, says he, my lord of Canterbury expoundeth nature for quality, by Gelasius. Which interpretation serves for the answer of your argument, that Christ called bread his ⟨p. 654⟩body: that is, the quality, form, and appearance of bread. And further, the scripture is wont to call things by the same names which they had before, as Simon the leper; he was not so at that time, but because he had been so.
Brad. Cyprian wrote before Gelasius; therefore Cyprian must not expound Gelasius, but Gelasius Cyprian; and so they both teach, that bread remaineth still. As for things having still the names they had, it is no answer, except you could show that this now were not bread, as easily as a man might have known and seen then Simon to have been healed and clear from his leprosy.
Brad. Cyprian wrote before Gelasius; therefore Cyprian must not expound Gelasius, but Gelasius Cyprian; and so they both teach, that bread remaineth still. As for things having still the names they had, it is no answer, except you could shew that this now were not bread, as easily as a man might have known and seen then Simon to have been healed and clear from his leprosy.
AFTER this Dr. Weston went to the fourth, of the cup, which he did not fully read, but digressed into a long talk of Cyprian's epistle De Aquatiis; also of St. Augustine, expounding the breaking of bread by Christ to his two disciples going to Emmaus, to be the sacrament; with such other talk to little purpose: and therefore Mr. Bradford prayed him, that inasmuch as he had written the reasons that established his faith against transubstantiation, so he would likewise do to him, that is, answer him by writing, and show him more reasons in writing to confirm transubstantiation. This Dr. Weston promised to do, and said that he would send or bring it to Mr. Bradford again within three days.
AFTER this Dr. Weston went to the fourth, of the cup, which he did not fully read, but digressed into a long talk of Cyprian's epistle De Aquatiis; also of St. Augustine, expounding the breaking of bread by Christ to his two disciples going to Emmaus, to be the sacrament; with such other talk to little purpose: and therefore Mr. Bradford prayed him, that inasmuch as he had written the reasons that established his faith against transubstantiation, so he would likewise do to him, that is, answer him by writing, and shew him more reasons in writing to confirm transubstantiation. This Dr. Weston promised to do, and said that he would send or bring it to Mr. Bradford again within three days.
THUS when he had read over the arguments, and here and there spoke little to the purpose for the avoiding of them, and Mr. Bradford had prayed him to give him his answers in writing: then he began to tell Mr. Bradford how and what he had done for Mr. Grimoald, and that Mr. Bradford needed not to fear any reproach or slander he should suffer, meaning probably to have Mr. Bradford secretly to come to them as Grimoald did; for he subscribed.
Brad. Mr. Dean, I would not have you conceive that I mind the shame of men in this matter; I would rather have you think as the very truth is, that hitherto I have not heard or seen any thing to weaken my faith against transubstantiation, so I am no less settled in it than I was at my first coming hither. I love to be plain with you, and to tell you at first as you shall find at the last.
West. Indeed, Mr. Bradford, I love you better for your plainness: and do not think otherwise of me, but that you shall find me plain in all my talk with you. HERE Weston began to ask Mr. Bradford of his imprisonment and condemnation; and Mr. Bradford told him altogether how he had been handled. Whereat Weston seemed to wonder: yea, in plain words he said, that Mr. Bradford had been handled otherwise than he had given cause; and so showed him, that my lord of Bath reported that he had deserved a benefit at the queen's hand, and at all the council's. IN this kind of talk they spent almost an hour, and Mr. Bradford, being weary, rose up, and Weston called the keeper, and before him he bade Bradford be of good comfort, and told him he was in no danger of death. SIR, says the k••per, but it is in every man's mouth that he shall die to-morrow. WHEREAT Weston seemed half amazed and […], he would go say even-song before the queen, •nd speak to her in his behalf. But it is to be thought the queen had almost supped at that time; •or it was past six o'clock. BEFORE the keeper, Mr. Bradford told Weston, again, that still he was one man, and even as he was at the first; and till he should see matter to teach his conscience the contrary, he said he must needs so continue. THE keeper desired Mr. Bradford to hearken to Mr. Doctor's counsel, and prayed Mr. Doctor to be good unto him: and so after they had drank together, Dr. Weston with most gentle words to […] his leave for three days. NOW when he was gone, the keeper told Mr. Bradford, that Mr. Doctor spake openly, that he saw no cause why they should burn him. Which sentence, for the ambiguity of the meaning, made him somewhat sorry, lest he had gathered any conformity to them in their doctrine, which God knoweth, said Bradford, I never yet did. God our Father ⟨p. 655⟩bless us, as his children, and keep us from all evil for ever. Amen. UPON the 5th of April, Dr. Weston came to the Compter about two o'clock in the afternoon, who excused himself for being so long absent; partly by sickness; partly for that Dr. Pendleton told him that he would come unto him; and partly for that, said he, I withstood certain monks which would have come again into Westminster: telling him moreover that the pope was dead, and also declared unto him, that he had spoken unto the queen in his behalf, and that death was not near to him.
LAST of all he excused himself for not answering his arguments against transubstantiation; because my coming to-day, said he, was more by fortune than of purpose.
