Of the nature and use of lots a treatise historical and theologicalOf the nature and vse of lots a treatise historicall and theologicall
Of the nature and use of lots a treatise historical and theological; written by Thomas Gataker B. of D. sometime preacher at Lincolns Inn, and now pastor of Rotherhith.Of the nature and vse of lots a treatise historicall and theologicall; written by Thomas Gataker B. of D. sometime preacher at Lincolnes Inne, and now pastor of Rotherhith.
Thomas Gataker 1574–1654London: printed by Edward Griffin, 1619
[12], 360 p. · 94k words · STC 11670 · ESTC S102922
Modern spelling is a reading aid: the words are the author’s, only the spelling is modernized. Original shows the page as printed, with the transcription marks.
§ 1. Hitherto we have considered of the former sort of Ordinary Lots, which we termed Serious because applied to the determining of more serious affairs. We are now to proceed unto the latter sort of them, which some term aSporting, some bLudicrous, some cLusorious Lots; and are such as be used in game, sport or pastime, for recreation and delight. Within which compass I shall make bold to draw in those solemn games, dif we may so term them, eso commonly styled, though indeed rather exercises of valour, strength and activity, or trials of art and skill and dexterity in some faculty, which were so famous and frequent of ancient times both in Greece and Italy, but especially among the Greeks.
§ 1. HItherto we haue considered of the former sort of Ordinary Lots, which wee tearmed Serious because applied to the determining of more serious affaires. We are now to proceede vnto the latter sort of them, which some tearme aSporting, some bLudicrous, some cLusorious Lots; and are such as be vsed in game, sport or pastime, for recreation and delight. Within which compasse I shall make bold to draw in those solemne games, dif we may so tearme them, eso commonly stiled, though indeed rather exercises of valour, strength and actiuitie, or trials of arte and skill and dexteritie in some facultie, which were so famous and frequent of auncient times both in Greece and Italy, but especially among the Greekes.
bLastly story of Gospel: Sors ludicra.Lastie storie of Gospell: Sors ludicra.
cSerar in Josh. c 7. q. 17.Serar in I•sh. c 7. q. 17.
dAthl•tas artem ludicram non facere. Ulpianus ex responsis Sabini & Cossi• apud Alex. ab Al•genial. di•r. l. 3. c. 9.Athl•tas artem ludicram non facere. Vlpianus ex responsis Sabini & Cossi• apud Alex. ab Al•genial. di•r. l. 3. c. 9.
eLudi O•ympici, &c. Sic Quid. met. l. 1. Instituit sacros celebri certamine ludos. Et Auson. e•log. Quatuor antiquos celebravit Achaia ludos. Quod Arc•isas in Antholog. l. 3 c. 1. [Greek or Hebrew].-Ludi O•ympici, &c. Sic Quid. met. l. 1. Instituit sacros celebri certamine ludos. Et Auson. e•log. Quatuor antiquos celebrauit Achaia ludos. Quod Arc•isas in Antholog. l. 3 c. 1. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉.-
In or about Game therefore is a Lot said to be used, when either the joining and beginning, or the issue and event of it is put to some casualty either in whole or in part.
In or about Game therefore is a Lot said to be vsed, when either the ioyning and beginning, or the issue and euent of it is put to some casualty either in whole or in part.
So that the kinds and courses here used are divers. For sometime the joining or beginning of a game or sport only is put to a Lot: As when by it is determined who shall play and who stay out, or who shall join on a side: which in shooting is done usually by shuffling of arrows together behind ⟨p. 118⟩some one mans back, and then casting them aside the one half one way and the other half an other way; in bowling by casting a certain number of bowls belonging to several men out of one mans arms at once, and those mating whose bowls meet nearest together: Or of the two sides whether shall lead and begin; which at Tables is decided commonly by the casting of most points; in Chess-play by turning a pawn on the board according to the colour of the square or quarter that it stayeth or resteth upon, or by the ones guessing at two pawns hid in the others two hands. fThus at those famous Olympic games the wrestlers and Combatants were conjoined by pairs (as the Runners and Riders by fours, or more) gas they drew the like letters, and took their turns according to the order of those letters, hthe odd man, if any were, undertaking him that had the better of that pair that fought last. Thus as there, so elsewhere ⟨p. 119⟩also iat Chariot-drivings and Horse-races, as also at krunning or lrowing for wagers and the like, the Contendents had their stations or standings assigned them likewise by Lot: yea and, as *some guess, the Combatants also their weapons. Beside that in mshooting and nsinging or playing and the like, where two at once could not show their skill, they had their turns and courses determined by Lot. And othe Masters of the Revels at Athens had the Minstrels of the City by Lot shared among them. And if in any of these exercises it were ambiguous who had done best, or who indeed had won the wager, two, it may be, pat once coming home to the goal, or the like, qit was (it seemeth) in the power of the Triers either to part it between them or to put it to Lot whether of the two should have the prize due to the Victor.
So that the kindes and courses here vsed are diuers. For sometime the ioyning or beginning of a game or sport onely is put to a Lot: As when by it is determined who shall play and who stay out, or who shall ioyne on a side: which in shooting is done vsually by shuffling of arrowes together behinde ⟨p. 118⟩some one mans backe, and then casting them aside the one halfe one way and the other halfe an other way; in bowling by casting a certaine number of boules belonging to seuerall men out of one mans armes at once, and those mating whose bowles meete neerest together: Or of the two sides whether shall leade and beginne; which at Tables is decided commonly by the casting of most points; in Ches-play by turning a pawne on the bord according to the colour of the square or quarter that it staieth or resteth vpon, or by the ones guessing at two pawnes hidde in the others two hands. fThus at those famous Olympicke games the wrestlers and Combatants were conioyned by paires (as the Runners and Riders by foures, or more) gas they drew the like letters, and tooke their turnes according to the order of those letters, hthe odde man, if any were, vndertaking him that had the better of that paire that fought last. Thus as there, so elsewhere ⟨p. 119⟩also iat Charet-driuings and Horse-races, as also at krunning or lrowing for wagers and the like, the Contendents had their stations or standings assigned them likewise by Lot: yea and, as *some guesse, the Combatants also their weapons. Beside that in mshooting and nsinging or playing and the like, where two at once could not shew their skill, they had their turnes and courses determined by Lot. And
fHellanodicae Elide [Greek or Hebrew] ( ••a reponit Sylburg. quod vulgo perp• ram [Greek or Hebrew]) [Greek or Hebrew]. Pausan. Eliac. 2. Et ibid. [Greek or Hebrew]. Hinc Pollu•il. 3. c. 30. §. 4. [Greek or Hebrew]. Et [Greek or Hebrew]: ut Eustath. ad Iliad. [Greek or Hebrew]. quod melius tamen Etymol. [Greek or Hebrew]. Sed & Palaestram [Greek or Hebrew]. Petr. Fab. again. l. 1. c. 24 deducit quod verius [Greek or Hebrew]. Etymol. Facit huc quod Plutarch. de tranquill. [Greek or Hebrew] &c. Et quod Gellius n•ct. Attic lib. 5. cap. 9. de Athleta muto, qui cùm sortitionem non bona fide fieri, sortemque nomi•is falsam subijci animaduertisset, in vocem n•nquam prius locutus erupit. Et quod ex Aristot. Rhetor. lib. 2. cap. 20. super cap. 5 § 5.Hellanodicae Elide 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 ( ••a reponit Sylburg. quod vulgo perp• ram 〈non-Latin alphabet〉) 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Pausan. Eliac. 2. Et ibid. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Hinc Pollu•il. 3. c. 30. §. 4. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Et 〈non-Latin alphabet〉: vt Eustath. ad Iliad. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. quod melius tamen Etymol. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Sed & Palaestram 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Petr. Fab. ag•n. l. 1. c. 24 deducit quod verius 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Etymol. Facit huc quod Plutarch. de tranquill. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 &c. Et quod Gellius n•ct. Attic lib. 5. cap. 9. de Athleta muto, qui cùm sortitionem non bona fide fieri, sortemque nomiis falsam subijci animaduertisset, in vocem nnquam prius locutus erupit. Et quod ex Aristot. Rhetor. lib. 2. cap. 20. super cap. 5 § 5.
Again in lesser yet and lighter matters, when in private they were disposed to be merry together, ⟨p. 120⟩they drew Lots sometime rwho should tell his tale first, or swho should first read the riddle or assoil some question propounded with a reward for him that could read it aright, or twho appose either other in some school-question, or the like.
Againe in lesser yet and lighter matters, when in priuate they were disposed to be merry together, ⟨p. 120⟩they drew Lots sometime rwho should tell his tale first, or swho should first reade the riddle or assoile some question propounded with a reward for him that could reade it aright, or twho appose either other in some schoole-question, or the like.
rNow draweth •ots, or that ye further t••n: The which that hath the shortest shall begin. Chaucer. Canterb. tales.Now draweth •ots, or that yee further t••n: The which that hath the shortest shall begin. Chaucer. Canterb. tales.
sQuicaenulam ordine suo curabat, praemium soluen lae q•aes•i•nis pon•bat, •otiaemque res quaereb•t, quot homines isthic eramus; quumque eas omnes exposuerat, locum •icendi sors dabat: quaestio autem non soluta ad cū transmittebatur qui sort•ò succ•sserat. Gellius nect. Attic. lib. 18. c. 2Quicaenulam ordine suo curabat, praemium soluen lae q•aes•i•nis pon•bat, •otiaemque res quaereb•t, quot homines isthic eramus; quumque eas omnes exposuerat, locum •icendi sors dabat: quaestio autem non soluta ad cū transmittebatur qui sort•ò succ•sserat. Gellius nect. Attic. lib. 18. c. 2
t[Greek or Hebrew]. Plutar. sympos. l. 9. c. 3.〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Plutar. sympos. l. 9. c. 3.
And lastly as in their merry meetings they udrew Lots commonly *for some one of the Company to be Master or Moderator of their mirth: not altogether unlike the custom of choosing King and Queen used in many Countries at some special times, save that they did it usually xwith dice or the like, ythese with a bean and a pease, the former whereof they used in choice of their Magistrates: So the younger sort had za sport of choosing them a King by Lot, who was to enjoin the rest what he would, and they to do what he enjoined them; in which kind as *Cyrus his carriage though a child and in a childish sport, yet discovered in him a kingly spirit and courage, so 1Athanasius his acting ⟨p. 121⟩of a Bishop among Boys like himself in the like, is reported to have given a grave Bishop that beheld it good hope, that he would indeed prove that, which afterward he did, succeeding him in his Sea.
And lastly as in their merry meetings they udrew Lots commonly *for some one of the Company to be Master or Moderator of their mirth: not altogether vnlike the custome of chusing King and Queene vsed in many Countries at some speciall times, saue that they did it vsually xwith dice or the like, ythese with a beane and a pease, the former whereof they vsed in choise of their Magistrates: So the younger sort had za sport of chusing them a King by Lot, who was to enioyne the rest what he would, and they to doe what he enioyned them; in which kinde as *Cyrus his cariage though a child and in a childish sport, yet discouered in him a kingly spirit and courage, so 1Athanasius his acting ⟨p. 121⟩of a Byshop among Boyes like himselfe in the like, is reported to haue giuen a graue Byshop that beheld it good hope, that he would indeede proue that, which afterward he did, succeeding him in his Sea.
uIn conuivijs qui sunt institu•i p•tandi (malè vulgò, putandi) Modiperatores Magist•i. Varro rerum human. l. 20. apud Nonium. [Greek or Hebrew] Graecis: de quibus Plutarch sympos. l. 1 q. 4.In conuiuijs qui sunt institu•i p•tandi (malè vulgò, putandi) Modiperatores Magist•i. Varro rerum human. l. 20. apud Nonium. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 Graecis: de quibus Plutarch sympos. l. 1 q. 4.
*Hinc Agesilaus [Greek or Hebrew] interrogatus à ministris quantum vini singulu assignare•, [Greek or Hebrew], inquit, [Greek or Hebrew]. Plut. apophth.Hinc Agesilaus 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 interrogatus à ministris quantum vini singulu assignare•, 〈non-Latin alphabet〉, inquit, 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Plut. apophth.
xNec viniregus sorti•re talis. Hor. car. l. 1. od. 4. Et ib -quē Venus arbit•ū Dicet bibendi.-i. jactus Venereus, •• Cicer. de divin. l. 1.Nec viniregus sorti•re talis. Hor. car. l. 1. od. 4. Et ib -quē Venus arbit•ū Dicet bibendi.-i. iactꝰ Venereꝰ, •• Cicer. de diuin. l. 1.
yEti. • hodie in Epiphanijs rex conui•ij fabis de. igitur. Er•s chil 6. cent. 4. a•a. 37. Apud Gallos in Epiph regessortiuntur. Srar in
§ 2. Now in these cases a Lot is used though about game, yet rather out of it then in it, only to make a beginning and entrance into it: But otherwhiles it is used for the directing of the game it self and the issue of it either in part or in whole.
§ 2. Now in these cases a Lot is vsed though about game, yet rather out of it then in it, onely to make a beginning and entrance into it: But otherwhiles it is vsed for the directing of the game it selfe and the issue of it either in part or in whole.
In part only, as in those games, wherein beside the Lot, art and industry is required for the further managing of that which hath thereby been allotted: as in many games at Cards and Tables, wherein a Lot is indeed used for the distributing of the Cards amongst the Gamesters, and in assigning each of them his chance, thereby ministering unto them matter further to work on; but there is art and skill beside that to be employed by them for the managing of their game, and for the working upon that which casualty hath cast on them. Which kind of game that it was not either unknown unto, or unusual among the ancients, beside aother evidences, hereby appeareth, in that bthey many times compare mans life to such games, wherein a man cannot make choice of his own chance, but yet ⟨p. 122⟩by art and skill is to make the best use he can of that which doth casually befall him.
In part onely, as in those games, wherein beside the Lot, arte and industrie is required for the further managing of that which hath thereby been allotted: as in many games at Cards and Tables, wherein a Lot is indeede vsed for the distributing of the Cards amongst the Gamsters, and in assigning each of them his chance, thereby ministring vnto them matter further to worke on; but there is arte and skil beside that to be imployed by them for the managing of their game, and for the working vpon that which casualty hath cast on them. Which kind of game that it was not either vnknowne vnto, or vnusuall among the auncients, beside aother euidences, hereby appeareth, in that bthey many times compare mans life to such games, wherein a man cannot make choise of his owne chaunce, but yet ⟨p. 122⟩by arte and skill is to make the best vse hee can of that which doth casually befall him.
a[Greek or Hebrew]. Eustath. Odys. [Greek or Hebrew]. Et tamen [Greek or Hebrew]. Hesych. Unde [Greek or Hebrew] Crateti dictum. Pollux l. 7. c. 33. § 10. Et [Greek or Hebrew]. Ibid. Undè [Greek or Hebrew] Sophocli: Et [Greek or Hebrew] Proverbio celebris. Idē l 9. c. 7.〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Eustath. Odys. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Et tamen 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Hesych. Vnde 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 Crateti dictum. Pollux l. 7. c. 33. § 10. Et 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Ibid. Vndè 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 Sophocli: Et 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 Prouerbio celebris. Idē l 9. c. 7.
b[Greek or Hebrew]. Plutar. ad Apollon. c•nsol. [Greek or Hebrew]. Idem de tranquill. Ita vita est hominum, quasi cùm Judas tesseris, Si illud quod est maxumè opus i•ctu non cadit, Illud quod cecidit fortè, id art ut c•rrig•s. Terent. Adelph act. 4. scen. 7. Et Ovidius art. amand. lib. 3. Sed minimus lab•r est sapienter jactibus uti: Maius opus mores composuisse suos.〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Plutar. ad Apollon. c•nsol. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Idem de tranquill. Ita vita est hominum, quasi cùm Iudas tesseris, Si illud quod est maxumè opus i•ctu non cadit, Illud quod cecidit fortè, id arte vt c•rrig•s. Terent. Adelph act. 4. scen. 7. Et Ouidius art. amand. lib. 3. Sed minimus lab•r est sapienter iactibus vti: Maius opus mores composuisse suos.
In whole, where the Lot absolutely determineth the issue, as not only in divers games both cat dice and cards wherein nothing is further looked after but the fall of the dice, either dwho throweth most or whose chance cometh first, and ethe goodness or the fitness, as it is accounted, of the chance, or of the cards; but in sundry other sports also, not unknown wholly to the ancient, as, beside that fMication or Shifting of fingers which we spake of before, gused much still in Italy as well in sport as otherwise, in divers other childish pastimes as hCockall, iEven and Odd, Heads and Points, kCross and Pile, and the like, the most whereof we find either wholly the same or very near the same to have been anciently used.
In whole, where the Lot absolutely determineth the issue, as not onely in diuers games both cat dice and cards wherein nothing is further looked after but the fall of the dice, either dwho throweth most or whose chance commeth first, and ethe goodnesse or the fitnesse, as it is accounted, of the chance, or of the cards; but in sundry other sports also, not vnknowne wholy to the auncient, as, beside that fMication or Shifting of fingers which wee spake of before, gvsed much still in Italy as well in sport as otherwise, in diuers other childish pastimes as hCockall, iEuen and Odde, Heads and Points, kCrosse and Pile, and the like, the most whereof we finde either wholy the same or very neere the same to haue beene aunciently vsed.
c[Greek or Hebrew] ad q•ā Paulus allusit Ephes. 4.14. d• qua Cic. de divin. 2. In talis tesserisque temeritas & casus, non ratio nec consilium valet. Itaque Hesych. [Greek or Hebrew].〈non-Latin alphabet〉 ad q•ā Paulus allusit Ephes. 4.14. d• qua Cic. de diuin. 2. In talis tesserisque temeritas & casus, non ratio nec consilium valet. Itaque Hesych. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉.
d[Greek or Hebrew]. Pollux l. 9. c. 7.〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Pollux l. 9. c. 7.
e[Greek or Hebrew] Pollux ibid.〈non-Latin alphabet〉 Pollux ibid.
fMicatione certant Hymenaus & Amor apud Nonnum Dionys. l. 33.
gFalkenberg. ad Nonn.
h[Greek or Hebrew]. Eustath. Odyss. [Greek or Hebrew]. Pollux l. 9. c 7. quem vise. Non mea magnanimo depugnat tessera tal•. Mar•. l. 13. epist. 1. Cùm steterit nullus vultu tibi talus codem, Munera me dices magna dediss• tibi. Idem lib. 14. epigr. 15. &c.〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Eustath. Odyss. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Pollux l. 9. c 7. quem vise. Non mea magnanimo depugnat tessera tal•. Mar•. l. 13. epist. 1. Cùm steterit nullus vultu tibi talus codem, Munera me dices magna dediss tibi. Idem lib. 14. epigr. 15. &c.
To which kind of Lot-sports or Lot-games (which shall be the last, and so I leave them) may their aBanquet-lotteries be added, which we find two sorts of, some free, some set to sale, and both ⟨p. 123⟩containing either matter of free gift, or matter of charge and expense, or mixed matter of either. For so we read that bAugustus used con some Festivals and at other times by Lot to distribute certain gifts among his guests, some of worth and value, as gold, silver, and garments, and coins of all sorts foreign, ancient, and others; and some again mere toys and trifles, as dheir-clothes, and sponges, and pincers, or scissors and the like, with merry Posies upon them eof doubtful and double sense, seeming to glance at and nip them to whose Lot they were fallen. So likewise that monster of men fHeliogabalus, a second Nero, used to propound to whom he pleased, both in public and private, certain mixed Lots, some matter of gift, some matter of charge, of such extreme inequality, that some were neither mended nor impaired at all, but mocked only, gsome were made, as we say, and some utterly undone by them: for some according to that they drew were to pay in and lay down, either a pound of beef, or a dead dog, or ten flies, or ten fleas, or ten bears, or ten camels, or so many pounds of lead, or as many of silver, or gold, &c. And others again were to receive the like, as their Lot came: which made many rich that were poor before, and others as poor that were rich before: the monster delighting in nothing more then in the mischief and miseries of many. And these Lots were sometimes either written or painted hon their spoons, as we have commonly on fruit-trenchers painted emblems and poe•ies, that sometime we use to make sport withal somewhat after that manner. ⟨p. 122⟩[…] ⟨p. 123⟩[…] ⟨p. 124⟩Again sometime were such Lots as these in mirth set to sale: for iso used Augustus to do sometime with his Lots; as also with pictures showing the backside of them only; in merriment propounding them to those fthat were at board with him, that none might come in but upon a price to draw in the one, and he that would at adventure bid most, should have the other. Not altogether unlike to kour riflings and Lotteries, wherein a certain number or so many as will venture their money are admitted to cast dice or to draw Lots for some prize or prizes propounded;
To which kinde of Lot-sports or Lot-games (which shall be the last, and so I leaue them) may their aBanquet-loteries be added, which we finde two sorts of, some free, some set to sale, and both ⟨p. 123⟩containing either matter of free gift, or matter of charge and expence, or mixt matter of either. For so we reade that bAugustus vsed con some Festiuals and at other times by Lot to distribute certaine gifts among his guests, some of worth and value, as gold, siluer, and garments, and coines of all sorts foraine, auncient, and others; and some againe meere toies and triffles, as dheire-clothes, and spunges, and pinsers, or scissers and the like, with merry Poesies vpon them eof doubtfull and double sense, seeming to glaunce at and nip them to whose Lot they were falne. So likewise that monster of men fHeliogabalus, a second Nero, vsed to propound to whom he pleased, both in publike and priuate, certaine mixt Lots, some matter of gift, some matter of charge, of such extreame inequality, that some were neither mended nor impaired at all, but mocked onely, gsome were made, as we say, and some vtterly vndone by them: for some according to that they drew were to pay in and lay downe, either a pound of beefe, or a dead dog, or ten flies, or ten fleas, or ten beares, or ten camels, or so many pounds of leade, or as many of siluer, or gold, &c. And others againe were to receiue the like, as their Lot came: which made many rich that were poore before, and others as poore that were rich before: the monster delighting in nothing more then in the mischiefe and miseries of many. And these Lots were sometimes either written or painted hon their spoones, as we haue commonly on fruite-trenchers painted emblemes and poe•ies, that sometime wee vse to make sport withall somewhat after that manner. ⟨p. 122⟩
iSu•t. Aug. c. 75. Solebat & maequalissimarum rerum sorts & aduersas tabularum picturas in conuivio vē ditare; incert•que casu spem mercantium vel frustrari vel implere.Su•t. Aug. c. 75. Solebat & maequalissimarum rerum sortes & aduersas tabularum picturas in conuiuio vē ditare; incert•que casu spem mercantium vel frustrari vel implere.
kLoteria in Europa frequens, quam vulgo la riff, alij ludum ollae vocan•. Delri• mag. disqu. tom. 2. l. 4. c 4. q. 2.Loteria in Europa frequens, quam vulgo la riffe, alij ludum ollae vocan•. Delri• mag. disqu. tom. 2. l. 4. c 4. q. 2.
concerning which kind of Lotteries the Civill Lawyers and others are divided in judgement; lsome referring them to the head of serious divisory Lots, as containing a twofold virtual contract, the one of bargain and sale between all the adventurers jointly and the owner or owners of the prize or prizes that they are to draw for, as making sale thereof unto them for such a sum as all their adventures put together amount unto; and another of society or fellowship between the Adventurers among themselves, agreeing to draw Lots or cast dice for that which in common they have so bought:* Or, as in running, as they term them, and unlimited Lotteries, a single contract only of bargain and sale between the Owner and the Adventurers, not unlike altogether that wherein a Fisherman's draught or a Fowlers fortune, or a Merchants adventure at sea is bought or the like, wherein men buy bare hope alone rather then actually ought else: mothers bringing them within compass of unlawful games, ⟨p. 125⟩as indeed, for ought I see, the most of them are little better, nused mostly to help and relieve either base Spend-thrifts or beggarly Bankrupts. And thus have we seen in what divers manner Lots have been or may be used in or about game.
concerning which kinde of Loteries the Ciuill Lawyers and others are diuided in iudgement; lsome referring them to the head of serious diuisory Lots, as containing a twofold virtuall contract, the one of bargaine and sale betweene all the aduenturers ioyntly and the owner or owners of the prize or prizes that they are to draw for, as making sale thereof vnto them for such a summe as all their aduentures put together amount vnto; and another of society or fellowship betweene the Aduenturers among themselues, agreeing to draw Lots or cast dice for that which in common they haue so bought:* Or, as in running, as they tearme them, and vnlimited Loteries, a single contract onely of bargaine and sale betweene the Owner and the Aduenturers, not vnlike altogether that wherein a Fishermans draught or a Fowlers fortune, or a Merchants aduenture at sea is bought or the like, wherein men buy bare hope alone rather then actually ought else: mothers bringing them within compasse of vnlawfull games, ⟨p. 125⟩as indeed, for ought I see, the most of them are little better, nvsed mostly to helpe and releiue either base Spend-thrifts or beggerly Banckrupts. And thus haue we seene in what diuers manner Lots haue been or may be vsed in or about game.
lFr. Garcias de cō tract. l. 3. c. 20. Lud. Lopez de contr. l. 2. c. 23. & Joan. Briart. quodlibet. 5. quos sequitur D•lrio.Fr. Garcias de cō tract. l. 3. c. 20. Lud. Lopez de contr. l. 2. c. 23. & Ioan. Briart. quodlibet. 5. quos sequitur D•lrio.
*Venditio sine re intelligitur, cum quasi alea emitur; quod sit cùm captus p•scium vel missiliū emitur, (quae non tam rei quàm) spei emptio est. Pompo•. in Dig. l. 18. t 1. l. 8. & t. 4. l. 7.Venditio sine re intelligitur, cum quasi alea emitur; quod sit cùm captꝰ p•scium vel missiliū emitur, (quae non tam rei quàm) spei emptio est. Pompo•. in Dig. l. 18. t 1. l. 8. & t. 4. l. 7.
mCon•ad. de contract. tract. 3 q. 71. concl. 2. Perkins of witchcraft.
nPostell de magistrat. Athen. c. 8. & Perkins of witchcraft.
§ 3. Now concerning these games hof hazard, as they are termed, wherein a Lot is thus used, and there is therefore a kind of Lottery in them, there is much question and disputation among the learned: and divers reverend and religious pass a peremptory sentence upon them as altogether unlawful and unbeseeming good Christians.
§ 3. Now concerning these games hof hazard, as they are tearmed, wherein a Lot is thus vsed, and there is therefore a kinde of Lotery in them, there is much question and disputation among the learned: and diuers reuerend and religious passe a peremptory sentence vpon them as altogether vnlawfull and vnbeseeming good Christians.
hAlea ludus omnis qui p••det à casu. Martyr. in Ind. c. 14. fortunae mag•s quàm artis. Erasm. chill. 1. c•nt. 4. adag. 32. in quo multum fortunae, p•udentiae minimum Ramirez in Mart.Alea ludꝰ omnis qui p••det à casu. Mar•yr. in Ind. c. 14. fortunae mag•s quàm artis. Erasm. chil. 1. c•nt. 4. adag. 32. in quo multum fortunae, p•udentiae minimum Ramirez in Mart.
Yet among those also that oppugn and oppose them there is diversity of opinion. For isome of them allow those games that are carried partly by casualty and partly by skill, which they suppose not to come within compass of Lots, condemning those only that depend wholly upon casualty. Others of them kutterly and absolutely reject all that have any spice of Lottery or casualty at all in them. This of those that deal more distinctly in the point: For ldivers others there be that so glance at them in general, that it is somewhat uncertain whether part they concur with; or mrather ⟨p. 126⟩of some of them whether they concur at all with either, or do not rather upon other grounds divers from theirs, disallow some of these games, not all of them, or not all manner use of them, as of some other hereafter shall plainly appear.
Yet among those also that oppugne and oppose them there is diuersitie of opinion. For isome of them allow those games that are carried partly by casualtie and partly by skill, which they suppose not to come within compasse of Lots, condemning those onely that depend wholy vpon casualtie. Others of them kvtterly and absolutely reiect all that haue any spice of Lotery or casualty at all in them. This of those that deale more distinctly in the point: For ldiuers others there bee that so glance at them in generall, that it is somewhat vncertain whether part they concurre with; or mrather ⟨p. 126⟩of some of them whether they concurre at all with either, or doe not rather vpon other grounds diuers from theirs, disallow some of these games, not all of them, or not all manner vse of them, as of some other hereafter shall plainely appeare.
iConcedi p•ssun• ludi qui partim casu, par••in industriae nituntur. Martyr. ad Judic. c. 14. Hipropriè alea dicinō debent, nec sun• omnino pro•ibendi. Dan. de alea c 6. quemsequi profitetur Taffia. de res• pisc. l 2 c. 19. Dice I utterly disallow, Ca•ds and Tables I condemn not. Babington on Command. 8. For mixed plays at Cards and Tables, consisting partly of hazard, & partly of wit, the common opinion of learned Divines is, that as they are not to be commended, so they are not simply to be condemned. Perkins Cases of Consc l. 3. c. 4. §. 4. q. 2.Concedi p•ssun• ludi qui partim casu, par••in industriae nituntur. Martyr. ad Iudic. c. 14. Hipropriè alea dicinō debent, nec sun• omnino pro•ibendi. Dan. de alea c 6. quemsequi profitetur Taffia. de res• pisc. l 2 c. 19. Dice I vtterly disallow, Ca•ds and Tabl•s I condemne not. Babington on Command. 8. For mixt playes at Cards and Tables, consisting partly of hazard, & partly of wit, the cōmon opinion of learned Diuines is, that as they are not to be commended, so they are not simply to be condemned. Perkins Cases of Consc l. 3. c. 4. §. 4. q. 2.
kFennor of lawful recreations cap. 4. Balmford dialogue of pames consisting of chance.Fennor of lawfull recreations cap. 4. Balmford dialogue of pames consisting of chaunce.
lLudus taxillatorius vitio vanitatis non caret. Them de sort. c. 5. Talorū Tabularumqu• qu•s chartas vocant, lud•s, [Greek or Hebrew] relegamus. Zuingl. de adolesc. form § 3. Alusus est sor•is, cùm ad ludu• jocumque adhibetur. Cartwr. in
But to return to the two former sorts, it is well observed by none of the latter rank of them, that some of the reasons produced by the former for the disallowing of the one kind, if the grounds be admitted, cannot choose but condemn both kinds. For if the one be evil and not allowable because they depend upon Lot and Chance, then the other must likewise be evil and unwarrantable so far forth as in part also they depend thereupon. And on the other side if those former Authors will avow and justify the one, they cannot but secretly withal give sentence also for the other, since they stand both on the same ground, and are built both on one bottom.
But to returne to the two former sorts, it is well obserued by none of the latter ranke of them, that some of the reasons produced by the former for the disallowing of the one kinde, if the grounds be admitted, cannot chuse but condemne both kindes. For if the one be euill and not allowable because they depend vpon Lot and Chance, then the other must likewise be euill and vnwarrantable so far forth as in part also they depend thereupon. And on the other side if those former Authors will avow and iustifie the one, they cannot but secretly withall giue sentence also for the other, since they stand both on the same ground, and are built both on one botome.
For as for that which osome say distinguishing the nature of these games, that the one is Lottery but not the other, or that there is a Lot in the one, but not in the other. It is true indeed, that if we define a Lot so, as divers of them do, to be pa kind of consulting with God, and a seeking to be informed and directed by him; qthere is no Lot at all either in the one or in the other. But if we understand a Lot as it was formerly defined according to the proper, and ordinary signification of it, so there is a Lot as much and as well in the one as in the other, the only difference is that there is a mere Lot in the one, a mixed Lot in the other, but a true rLot in either.
For as for that which osome say distinguishing the nature of these games, that the one is Lotery but not the other, or that there is a Lot in the one, but not in the other. It is true indeede, that if wee define a Lot so, as diuers of them doe, to be pa kinde of consulting with God, and a seeking to be informed and directed by him; qthere is no Lot at all either in the one or in the other. But if we vnderstand a Lot as it was formerly defined according to the proper, and ordinary signification of it, so there is a Lot as much and as well in the one as in the other, the onely difference is that there is a meere Lot in the one, a mixt Lot in the other, but a true rLot in either.
oNon est alea propriè dicta. Dan. lud. all c 6. Alea dicitur ludus qui f•rtunae so•ùm innititur. Angel sum. Mixed games are no Lots. Perkins Cas▪ of Consc. l. 3. c. 4 §. 3. q. 2.Non est alea propriè dicta. Dan. lud. al c 6. Alea dicitur ludus qui f•rtunae so•ùm innititur. Angel summ. Mixed games are no Lots. Perkins Cas▪ of Consc. l. 3. c. 4 §. 3. q. 2.
pSors est modus Deū consulendi, &c. Aret. probl. par. 1. Actio humana in hun• finem instituta, ut ex eius evensu rem nobis incognitam divini•us agnoscere possimus. Zanch. desert.Sors est modus Deū cōsulendi, &c. Aret. probl. par. 1. Actio humana in hun• finem instituta, vt ex eius euensu rem nobis incognitam diuini•ꝰ agnoscere possimus. Zanch. des•rt.
qJacobus •e• in [Greek or Hebrew] l. 3. & B. King in lon. c. 1. lect 9.Iacobus •e• in 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 l. 3. & B. King in lon. c. 1. lect 9.
rArs aleatoria & ipsa tota sortil•ga est. Agrip. de van. scient. c. 14. Ad sorte• revocatur alea, i. ludi qui ab ancipiti casu pendent. ex Greg. Toloss. s•ntag. l. 39. c. 3. Aerodio l. 3. c. 9. Molina de jure & just. disp. 509. Ser. ad l•sh. c. 7. q. 20. Q•id est sors? Idem propem•dum quod micare, quod talos, quod tesser as jac•re. Cic. divin. l. 2Ars aleatoria & ipsa tota sortil•ga est. Agrip. de van. scient. c. 14. Ad sorte• reuocatur alea, i. ludi qui ab ancipiti casu pendent. ex Greg. Toloss. s•ntag. l. 39. c. 3. Aerodio l. 3. c. 9. Molina de iure & iust. disp. 509. Ser. ad l•sh. c. 7. q. 20. Q•id est sors? Idem propem•dum quod micare, quod talos, quod tesser as iac•re. Cic. diuin. l. 2
For the argument that sa reverend Writer of ours bringeth to prove the contrary, because in a Lot there are two things required; first a casual act, and secondly an applying of that casual act to the determination of some particular and uncertain event; whereas the dealing of the Cards is a casual act indeed, but the determination of the uncertain victory is not in mixed games merely from it, but much or most from the wit and skill or the will of the player: and therefore the dealing of the cards is no more a Lot then the dealing of alms is, when the Princes Almoner putteth his hand into his pocket, and giveth one man six pence, another 12. pence, another two pence, what cometh forth without further advice. This argument, I say, is not sound, because it reasoneth from a particular to a general; The dealing of the Cards is not applied to the determining of this uncertain event, to wit, the main issue of the game or the victory: therefore it is not applied to the determining of any uncertain event at all. Which consequence is unsound; as also the consequent is untrue. For it is manifest that the dealing of the cards is applied to the determining of this uncertain event, what cards or casts each one shall have to exercise his skill with: and is therefore even by his own description a Lot: as is also the dealing of alms in that sort, if it be done for that end, to try what will casually fall to each ones share by such a course, as well as if it were done by drawing of rushes or cuts, which go commonly for Lots.
For the argument that sa reuerend Writer of ours bringeth to proue the contrary, because in a Lot there are two •hings required; first a casuall act, and secondly an applying of that casuall act to the determination of some particular and vncertaine euent; whereas the dealing of the Cards is a casuall act indeed, but the determination of the vncertaine victory is not in mixt games meerely from it, but much or most from the wit and skill or the will of the player: and therefore the dealing of the cards is no more a Lot then the dealing of almes is, when the Princes Almoner putteth his hand into his pocket, and giueth one man six pence, another 12. pence, another two pence, what commeth foorth without further aduice. This argument, I say, is not sound, because it reasoneth from a particular to a generall; The dealing of the Cards is not applied to the determining of this vncertaine euent, to wit, the maine issue of the game or the victory: therefore it is not applied to the determining of any vncertaine euent at all. Which consequence is vnsound; as also the consequent is vntrue. For it is manifest that the dealing of the cards is applied to the determining of this vncertaine euent, what cards or casts each one shall haue to exercise his skill with: and is therefore euen by his owne description a Lot: as is also the dealing of almes in that sort, if it be done for that end, to trie what will casually fall to each ones share by such a course, as well as if it were done by drawing of rushes or cuts, which go commonly for Lots.
For the thing it self I hold that these Lusorious Lots, and Games consisting of such are not simply ⟨p. 128⟩or in that regard evil or unwarrantable: or in a word, that a Lot used in game is not unlawful. In which assertion if I shall dissent from some others of religion and learning, whom otherwise I worthily respect and embrace, I desire but to have my grounds duly viewed and examined, that if they prove firm and sound, the frame built on them may stand, if weak and unsound, it may fall before the truth, as tDagon did before Gods Ark, my self promising to lend an hand with the first to the overturning and razing of what I now rear, if it shall be showed me to be other then is warrantable by Gods word.
For the thing it selfe I hold that these Lusorious Lots, and Games consisting of such are not simply ⟨p. 128⟩or in that regard euill or vnwarrantable: or in a word, that a Lot vsed in game is not vnlawfull. In which assertion if I shall dissent from some others of religion and learning, whom otherwise I worthily respect and imbrace, I desire but to haue my grounds duly viewed and examined, that if they proue firme and sound, the frame built on them may stand, if weake and vnsound, it may fall before the truth, as tDagon did before Gods Arke, my selfe promising to lend an hand with the first to the ouerturning and razing of what I now reare, if it shall be shewed me to be other then is warrantable by Gods word.
the Masters of the Reuels at Athens had the Minstrels of the City by Lot shared among them. And if in any of these exercises it were ambiguous who had done best, or who indeede had won the wager, two, it may be,
it was (it seemeth) in the power of the Triers either to part it betweene them or to put it to Lot whether of the two should haue the prize due to the Victor.
•
•
gO• [Greek or Hebrew], &c. [Greek or Hebrew]. Lucian. Hermotin. sive de sectis.O•〈non-Latin alphabet〉, &c. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Lucian. Hermotin. siue de sectis.
h[Greek or Hebrew]. Lucian. ibid. Hine [Greek or Hebrew] dicti, Pollux l. 3. c. 30. §. 4. De quibus Plin. Sec. ep. 14. lib. 8. In spectaculis quibusdam sors aliquem se•onit ac seruat, qui cum victor• contendat. Huc allusisse Pau•um 1. Cor. 4 9. Scalig. putat ad Manil. Allusit certè credo Christus Apoc. 3.11.〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Lucian. ibid. Hine 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 dicti, Pollux l. 3. c. 30. §. 4. De quibus Plin. Sec. ep. 14. lib. 8. In spectaculis quibusdam sors aliquem se•onit ac seruat, qui cum victor• contendat. Huc allusisse Pau•um 1. Cor. 4 9. Scalig. putat ad Manil. Allusit certè credo Christus Apoc. 3.11.
i[Greek or Hebrew]. Pausan. Eliac 2 Sic [Greek or Hebrew] &c. Et S• pho•l. Electr. [Greek or Hebrew]. - Sed & Stat. Theb. 6. Et jam sortitus Proteus versarat ahena Casside: jamque locus cuique est, & liminis ordo.〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Pausan. Eliac 2 Sic 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 &c. Et S• pho•l. Electr. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. - Sed & Stat. Theb. 6. Et iam sortitus Proteus versarat ahena Casside: iamque locus cuique est, & liminis ordo.
k[Greek or Hebrew]. Pausan. Elia•. 2. [Greek or Hebrew]. De Theagene Heli•dor. Aeth. l. 4.〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Pausan. Elia•. 2. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. De Theagene Heli•dor. Aeth. l. 4.
lPrima pares ineunt gra•ibus certamin• remis, Quat•er ex omni delectae class carinae. (Sig•oque designato) Tum loca sorte legunt. - Virg. Aen. l. 5.Prima pares ineunt gra•ibus certamin• remis, Quat•er ex omni delectae classe carinae. (Sig•oque designato) Tum loca sorte legunt. - Virg. Aen. l. 5.
*Pe•r. Faber agonist. l. 1. c. 24. ex illis Apo••o•. Argon. 2. [Greek or Hebrew].Pe•r. Faber agonist. l. 1. c. 24. ex illis Apo••o•. Argon. 2. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉.
mConuenere viri (colum•ā petituri) deiectamque area sortem Ac•epit galeae: & primus - ante emnes exit locus Hippo•oentis. Virg. Ae•. 5.Conuenere viri (colum•ā petituri) deiectamque area sortem Ac•epit galeae: & primus - ante emnes exi• locꝰ Hippo•oentis. Virg. Ae•. 5.
nNomensuum in alb• pro•tentium •itb•raedorum ju••it adscribi, sorticul•que in urnam cum caeteris demissa, intravit ordine suo. Suct. Nerone c. 21. Hi•c Ovid. Metam. 5. Tunc sine sorte prior, quae se certare professa est, Bella ca•it super•m. - [Greek or Hebrew] &c. Nonmus Dionys. l. 19. de musico certamine. Et Lucian. [Greek or Hebrew] &c. [Greek or Hebrew], &c. Vise & Aristidem de Rhetor. ad Platon.Nomensuum in alb• pro•tentium •itb•raedorum iu••it adscribi, sorticul•que in vrnam cum caeteris demissa, intrauit ordine suo. Suct. Nerone c. 21. Hi•c Ouid. Metam. 5. Tunc sine sorte prior, quae se certare professa est, Bella ca•it super•m. - 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 &c. Nonmus Dionys. l. 19. de musico certamine. Et Lucian. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 &c. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉, &c. Vise & Aristidem de Rhetor. ad Platon.
o[Greek or Hebrew] Dim•sth. in Midiam. [Greek or Hebrew]. Ibid. [Greek or Hebrew]. Antipho de Choreuta.〈non-Latin alphabet〉 Dim•sth. in Midiam. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Ibid. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Antipho de Choreuta.
pHinc Chrysippi disceptatio in lib. [Greek or Hebrew], cui•• meminit Plut. in Stoic. contradict.Hinc Chrysippi disceptatio in lib. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉, cui•• meminit Plut. in Stoi•. contradict.
q[Greek or Hebrew]. malè vulgò [Greek or Hebrew].〈non-Latin alphabet〉. malè vulgò 〈non-Latin alphabet〉.
Eti. • hodie in Epiphanijs rex conui•ij fabis de. igitur. Er•s chil 6. cent. 4. a•a. 37. Apud Gallos in Epiph regessortiuntur. S•rar in I•sh c. 7 q. •7.
z[Greek or Hebrew]. Pollux l 9. c. 7. Fests Saturno di•bus inter alia aequalium ludi•ra, regnū lusu s•rti•ntium, ene•erat •a sors Neroni. T•e annal. l. 13. [Greek or Hebrew]. Arian. Epict. l. 1. c 25. Et Lucian, in Saturnal. [Greek or Hebrew], &c.〈non-Latin alphabet〉. P•llux l 9. c. 7. Fest•s Saturno di•bus inter alia aequalium ludi•ra, regnū lusu s•rti•ntium, ene•erat •a sors Neroni. T•e annal. l. 13. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Arrian. Epict. l. 1. c 25. Et Lucian, in Saturnal. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉, &c.
*Cyrus puer rex inter ludentes sor•• delectus, &c. Inst in. hist. l. 1.
1[Greek or Hebrew], &c. quod conspicatus Alexander [Greek or Hebrew], Athanasi• diligen•ius educand• curavit. ex R•fino Socr. hist. l. 1. c. 15. & Aldhelm de land. Virg. c. 16.〈non-Latin alphabet〉, &c. quod conspicatus Alexander 〈non-Latin alphabet〉, Athanasi• diligen•ius educand• curauit. ex R•fino Socr. hist. l. 1. c. 15. & Aldhelm de land. Virg. c. 16.
•
i[Greek or Hebrew]. Aristoph. in Plut. & Di•n. Chrysos•. •rat. 26. [Greek or Hebrew]. Aristot. de divinat. per insom. Et in Rhetor. cap. 3. [Greek or Hebrew], &c. Ludere par impar.- Horat. serm lib. 2. sat. 3. & Suet. Aug. cap. 71. [Greek or Hebrew]. Schol. Aristoph. [Greek or Hebrew]. Pollux lib. 7. cap. 33. §. 10. [Greek or Hebrew]. Idem lib. 9. cap. 7. Hinc Mart. lib. 14. epigr. 18. Alea parua nuces.- Et Ovid. •uce: Est etiam, par sit numerus qui dic•t, an impar; Ut divinatas auferat augur opes. [Greek or Hebrew]. Plut. sympos. l. 9. probl. 12.〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Aristoph. in Plut. & Di•n. Chrysos•. •rat. 26. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Aristot. de diuinat. per insom. Et in Rhetor. cap. 3. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉, &c. Ludere par impar.- Horat. serm lib. 2. sat. 3. & Suet. Aug. cap. 71. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Schol. Aristoph. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Pollux lib. 7. cap. 33. §. 10. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Idem lib. 9. cap. 7. Hinc Mart. lib. 14. epigr. 18. Alea parua nuces.- Et Ouid. •uce: Est etiam, par sit numerus qui dic•t, an impar; Vt diuinatas auferat augur opes. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Plut. sympos. l. 9. probl. 12.
kI•a fuisse signatum as bodi•que intelligitur in •leae•usu, cùm pueri denarios in sublime jactantes, capita aut navia, l•su teste vetustatis, excla•mant. Macrob. Sat. l. 1. c. 7. Non absimilis [Greek or Hebrew]. Pollux lib. 9. cap. 7. Vise Erasm. chill. 2. cent. 1. adag. 51.I•a fuisse signatum as bodi•que intelligitur in •leae•usu, cùm pueri denarios in sublime iactantes, capita aut nauia, l•su teste vetustatis, excla•mant. Macrob. Sat. l. 1. c. 7. Non absimilis 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. P•llux lib. 9. cap. 7. Vise Erasm. chil. 2. cent. 1. adag. 51.
〈…〉
⟨p. 123⟩
〈…〉
⟨p. 124⟩
Againe sometime were such Lots as these in mirth set to sale: for
so vsed Augustus to doe sometime with his Lots; as also with pictures shewing the backside of them onely; in merriment propounding them to thoe fthat were at bord with him, that none might come in but vpon a price to draw in the one, and he that would at aduenture bid most, should haue the other. Not altogether vnlike to
our riflings and Loteries, wherein a certaine number or so many as will venture their money are admitted to cast dice or to draw Lots for some prize or prizes propounded;
. Sortes illic••ae ad lucrum lus•mu• ad•ibitae. Piscat. in Jo•. c. 1. Ludicrous Lots are not beseeming Christians. Eas•ie history of Gospel.
Ludꝰ taxillatoriꝰ vitio vanitatis non caret. Them de sort. c. 5. Talorū Tabularumqu• qu•s chartas vocant, lud•s, 〈non-Latin alphabet〉 relegamus. Zuingl. de adolesc. form § 3. Alusus est sor•is, cùm ad ludu• iocumque adhibetur. Cartwr. in Prou. c. 16. Sortes illic••ae ad lucrum lus•mu• ad•ibitae. Piscat. in Io•. c. 1. Ludicrous Lots are not beseeming Christians. Eas•ie historie of Gospell.
mChartarū & sortiū & divinationis ludi ab avaris & perditis inuenti, non sol•m nostr• dogmati, sed publicis ve•erū moribus unà cum aleareiecti. V•later. comment l. 29 c. 12. Aleam non cognoscere Eutopienses suos. Moru• lib. 2. quod & de Japonilus Gadus quem Grimston transtuli•.Chartarū & sortiū & diuinationis ludi ab auaris & perditis inuenti, non sol•m nostr• dogmati, sed publicis ve•erū moribus vnà cum aleareiecti. V•later. comment l. 29 c. 12. Aleam non cognoscere Eutopienses suos. Moru• lib. 2. quod & de Iaponilus Gadus quem Grimston transtuli•.
