Of the nature and use of lots a treatise historical and theologicalOf the nature and vse of lots a treatise historicall and theologicall
Of the nature and use of lots a treatise historical and theological; written by Thomas Gataker B. of D. sometime preacher at Lincolns Inn, and now pastor of Rotherhith.Of the nature and vse of lots a treatise historicall and theologicall; written by Thomas Gataker B. of D. sometime preacher at Lincolnes Inne, and now pastor of Rotherhith.
Thomas Gataker 1574–1654London: printed by Edward Griffin, 1619
[12], 360 p. · 94k words · STC 11670 · ESTC S102922
Modern spelling is a reading aid: the words are the author’s, only the spelling is modernized. Original shows the page as printed, with the transcription marks.
I might well here pass by, should I not be suspected to conceal somewhat that were of some weight, what is alleged out of Lyra, that in his Praeceptorie (a little Treatise of his upon the commandments)l, mas coveting an other mans goods greatly; being a mighty means of deceit; passing usury; causing lying, swearing, brawling and many idle words; being an offence to the godly; breaking the Laws; misspending time; and what not? and that thereupon he concludeth nthat such games are not to be tolerated or endured among Christians.
I might well here passe by, should I not be suspected to conceal somwhat that were of some weight, what is alleadged out of Lyra, that in his Praeceptorie (a little Treatise of his vpon the commandements)l, mas coueting an other mans goods greatly; being a mightie meanes of deceit; passing vsury; causing lying, swearing, brauling and many idle words; being an offence to the godly; breaking the Lawes; mispending time; and what not? and that thereupon he concludeth nthat such games are not to be tolerated or indured among Christians.
lEx•at Nicolai Lyrani libellus in qu• ex varij• scriptoribus rationes 9. collegit, propter quas alea ludus inter Christianos minimé tolerandus videatur. Dan. de lud. alea c. 8. he should upon divers good grounds gathered out of sundry Writers, nine especially, condemn this kind of gameEx•at Nicolai Lyrani libellus in qu• ex varij scriptoribus rationes 9. collegit, propter quas alea ludꝰ inter Christianos minimé tolerandꝰ videatur. Dan. de lud. alea c. 8. he should vpon diuers good grounds gathered out of sundrie Writers, nine especially, condemne this kinde of game
True it is that oLyra out of Hostiensis nameth 9. circumstances, which being all, saith he, deadly sins make the game therefore such that is accompanied therewith, as these games oft are. And in steed of those nine he might as well, with psome others, have reckoned up 16. for so many hath Hostiensis in certain qverses that he citeth. To which also ⟨p. 194⟩we may add, passing by 4divers that allege fewer, that Antoninus in his sum, and *some others out of him, raise them to an whole sAlphabet of evils that usually accompany these games, even as many as there be aces or points on the dice: as also that 1some other Friars find in dice-play, as 2one of ours of late in the use of the Cross, the breach of the whole Decalogue, and of all the ten Commandments.
True it is that oLyra out of Hostiensis nameth 9. circumstances, which being all, saith he, deadly sinnes make the game therefore such that is accompanied therewith, as these games oft are. And in steed of those nine he might as well, with psome others, haue reckoned vp 16. for so many hath Hostiensis in certaine qverses that he citeth. To which also ⟨p. 194⟩wee may adde, passing by 4diuers that alleadge fewer, that Antoninus in his summe, and *some others out of him, raise them to an whole sAlphabet of euils that vsually accompany these games, euen as many as there be aces or points on the dice: as also that 1some other Friers finde in dice-play, as 2one of ours of late in the vse of the Crosse, the breach of the whole Decalogue, and of all the ten Commaundements.
oNovē circumstā tias enum•rat Hostiensi• de lud. alea dist. 1. quarū quaelibet est peccatū mortale. Lyra ad praecept. 7. expos. 3. & •asae• ̄ habet Alex. de A•es sum. par. 4. q. 48. mem 5.Nouē circumstā tias enum•rat Hostiensi• de lud. alea dist. 1. quarū quaelibet est peccatū mortale. Lyra ad praecept. 7. expos. 3. & •asae• ̄ habet Alex. de A•es sum. par. 4. q. 48. mem 5.
pGreg. Tholos. syntag. l. 39. c. 3. §. 10. & I•doc Da•nuder. rerum crimi•. prax. c. 126. §. 15.
qHac cum toxilli• lu•end• crimina fi•nt: Ecclesiae spr•t••, usuraque, ri•a, rapina, Scandala, tum nuge, blasphemia, tumfaciendi Furti doctri•a, violentia, copia fals•, Et morti• causa, decepti•, perditi•que Tempori•, & desiderium, corruptioque ingens: Isti• praedict• adulati•, vitaq•• turpi•. Hostiens. sum. de excess. praelat.
These, I say, I might well pass by, as well the one as the other; partly because in effect they bring no new matter; and partly because these evils are equally common to all games, and do not so much concern the nature of this kind of play, as contain general abuses of all kind, though applied more specially to these: they are the faults of the Gamesters not of the games: and as one saith well of Lots writing of this argument of Lottery; so say I of game, and of Lots used in game, tThe Lawful use of them must be distinguished from the unlawful abuse.
These, I say, I might well passe by, as well the one as the other; partly because in effect they bring no new matter; and partly because these euills are equally common to all games, and doe not so much concerne the nature of this kinde of play, as containe generall abuses of all kinde, though applied more specially to these: they are the faults of the Gamsters not of the games: and as one saith well of Lots writing of this argument of Lotery; so say I of game, and of Lots vsed in game, tThe Lawfull vse of them must be distinguished from the vnlawfull abuse.
tLegitimus usus ab illegitimo abusu distinguendus est. Baro in Jon. c. 1. Nosi•ū est inter usum legitimū & corruptelā discernere. Calvin. in Act. c. 1. Quod enim Meisner. philos. sobr. par. 1. praefat. Usus habet landem, (abest culpa, saltem) crimen abusus habet. Iraque quod Petru• à Well in tract. de usuri•; Veras in hi• usus maneat, tollatur abusu•.Legitimꝰ vsus ab illegitimo abusu distinguendꝰ est. Baro in Ion. c. 1. Nosi•ū est inter vsum legitimū & corruptelā discernere. Caluin. in Act. c. 1. Quod enim Meisner. philos. sobr. par. 1. praefat. Vsus habet landem, (abest culpa, saltem) crimen abusus habet. Iraque quod Petru• à Wel in tract. de vsuri•; Veras in hi• vsus maneat, tollatur abusu•.
Besides that the scope of these Authors both the one and the other (in regard whereof I may well say that they are not so sincerely cited, but forced to say what indeed they do not) is to condemn only the games so used or rather so abused as too too commonly they are; not to quarrel with the light and lusorious use of a Lot, nor to pass a ⟨p. 195⟩peremptory sentence against the use of all such games in general, which uthemselves both in the same places and else-where do otherwise allow.
Besides that the scope of these Authors both the one and the other (in regard whereof I may well say that they are not so sincerely cited, but forced to say what indeed they doe not) is to condemne onely the games so vsed or rather so abused as too too commonly they are; not to quarrell with the light and lusorious vse of a Lot, nor to passe a ⟨p. 195⟩peremptory sentence against the vse of all such games in generall, which uthemselues both in the same places and else-where doe otherwise allow.
uSi dispositio vel eventus sortis expectatur à fortuna tantùm, (quod in ludo taxillatorio fit, Thom. de sort▪ c. 5.) nullum est vitium. Lyra in Pro. 16. Ludus aleae qui fortunae innititur non est illicitus, ubi seruatur congruitas personae, materiae, mensurae, temporis. Idem ad praecept 7. expos. 3. Ludi docti non prohibentur viris honestis animi causa tantum ludentibus, vel societatis & sola•ij. Damhonder. ubi sup. Ludere ob modicum quid, ut pueri faciunt, vel ob recreationē & moderatè, non videtur mortale. Antonin. ubi sup. § 2. & Barelet. ibid. pro adolescentibus lusus pila, pro inuenibus jactus pali, proviris usus schaccorū, pro muli•ribus par & dispar. Idem ibid. Licitè potest ludi gratis, volca•sa con•••ij vel recreationis. Angel. sum. & sic loan. Aquil Vincent. & cateriSi dispositio vel euentus sortis expectatur à fortuna tantùm, (quod in ludo taxillatorio fit, Thom. de sort▪ c. 5.) nullum est vitium. Lyra in Pro. 16. Ludus aleae qui fortunae innititur non est illicitus, vbi seruatur congruitas personae, materiae, mensurae, temporis. Idem ad praecept 7. expos. 3. Ludi docti non prohibentur viris honestis animi causa tantum ludentibus, vel societatis & sola•ij. Damhonder. vbi sup. Ludere ob modicum quid, vt pueri faciunt, vel ob recreationē & moderatè, non videtur mortale. Antonin. vbi sup. § 2. & Barelet. ibid. pro adolescentibus lusus pila, pro inuenibus iactus pali, proviris vsus schaccorū, pro muli•ribus par & dispar. Idem ibid. Licitè potest ludi gratis, volca•sa con•••ij vel recreationis. Angel. sum. & sic loan. Aquil Vincent. & cateri
Let me ad but a word or two concerning that clause that to this Argument is annexed; and so I leave it and pass to the next: 1The Lord forbiddeth 2all appearance of evil; and all occasions of evil.
Let me ad but a word or two concerning that clause that to this Argument is annexed; and so I leaue it and passe to the next: 1The Lord forbiddeth 2all appearance of euill; and all occasions of euill.
True it is; xthe Commandments that forbid any sin, forbid those things also that may be occasions of that sin. But they inhibit not generally the use of all things to all, that any doth or may take occasion of evil by. They forbid them to those to whom they are that way dangerous, not to those that may and do use them without danger in that kind.
True it is; xthe Commandements that forbid any sinne, forbid those things also that may be occasions of that sinne. But they inhibit not generally the vse of all things to all, that any doth or may take occasion of euill by. They forbid them to those to whom they are that way dangerous, not to those that may and doe vse them without danger in that kinde.
xSub vitio aliquo prohibite, omnes vitij illius causae & occasions prohibentur. Perkins arm ll. aur. c. 8. Vitare peccatae est vitare occasiones peacatorum. Melaneh loc come. •2.Sub vitio aliquo prohibite, omnes vitij illius causae & occasiones prohibentur. Perkins arm ll. aur. c. 8. Vitare peccatae est vitare occasiones peacatorum. Melaneh loc com. •2.
And no less true is it, that Christian men ought to yabstain from all appearance of evil: that is, zthat they are both to avoid, what they may justly suspect to be sinful, though they do not evidently see it or certainly know it to be such: as also 3to forbear what may make them suspected to be Sinners, and to live otherwise then either indeed they do, or of right they ought to do by the rules and laws of Christianity: for further then these two branches, ⟨p. 196⟩as I take it, that precept extendeth not. But how the use of any Lot at all in game, or the use of a Lot simply in this kind of game, should be brought within compass of either of these two branches, I see not; especially being so used as it is or may be used of those that are godly and religiously disposed, and with such Cautions as *hereafter shall be given.
And no lesse true is it, that Christian men ought to yabstaine from all appearance of euill: that is, zthat they are both to auoid, what they may iustly suspect to be sinfull, though they doe not euidently see it or certainely know it to be such: as also 3to forbeare what may make them suspected to be Sinners, and to liue otherwise then either indeed they doe, or of right they ought to doe by the rules and lawes of Christianity: for further then these two branches, ⟨p. 196⟩as I take it, that precept extendeth not. But how the vse of any Lot at all in game, or the vse of a Lot simply in this kinde of game, should be brought within compasse of either of these two branches, I see not; especially being so vsed as it is or may bee vsed of those that are godly and religiously disposed, and with such Cautions as *hereafter shall be giuen.
y1. Thess. 5.22. [Greek or Hebrew]. non tantùm ab omni specie mali, ut Beza, sed specia m•la, ut vulgata. Et malas res & malas pariter species devitare. Bern. consid. lib. 3. quicquid malè coloratum fuerit. Ibid.1. Thess. 5.22. 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. non tantùm ab omni specie mali, vt Beza, sed specia m•la, vt vulgata. Et malas res & malas pariter species deuitare. Bern. consid. lib. 3. quicquid malè coloratum fuerit. Ibid.
zQuanquam Ambros. & Chrysost. ques & Calui•us sequitur, non tam ad vitaē quàm ad doctrinā restringunt, qua falsitatis sufpicionē habeat. Theophyl. & Oecū virumque adnotant.Quanquam Ambros. & Chrysost. ques & Calui•us sequitur, non tam ad vitaē quàm ad doctrinā restringunt, qua falsitatis sufpicionē habeat. Theophyl. & Oecū virumque adnotant.
3Siquid mala specie malū aliquid praetendat, & si malū non sit, ne mala specie malū exemplū d•eis: non enim occasionē mala suspicio•is de vobis dure debetis cùm vos malā conscientiā non habratis. Hiruens in epist. Anselmi nomine editus.Siquid mala specie malū aliquid praetendat, & si malū non sit, ne mala specie malū exemplū d•eis: non enim occasionē mala suspicio•is de vobis dure debetis cùm vos malā conscientiā non habratis. Hiruens in epist. Anselmi nomine editꝰ.
§ 5. After these arguments fetched from the Evils and inconveniences pretended necessarily or usually to accompany these games, cometh the last main argument taken from humane testimonies public and private, of such as have either in judgement condemned, or by authorities inhibited these kind of games. I will endeavour to bring their arguments into some form that we may the better judge of them.
§ 5. After these arguments fetched from the Euills and inconueniences pretended necessarily or vsually to accompany these games, commeth the last maine argument taken from humane testimonies publike and priuate, of such as haue either in iudgement condemned, or by authoritis inhibited these kinde of games. I will endeauour to bring their arguments into some forme that wee may the better iudge of them.
First therefore they seem to reason on this manner:
aThat which is forbidden both by the civill Magistrate and the spiritual Governor, cannot be used without offence: But Lot-games are forbidden by both:
Therefore they cannot be used without offence.
First therefore they seeme to reason on this manner:
aThat which is forbidden both by the ciuill Magistrate and the spirituall Gouernour, cannot be vsed without offence: But Lot-games are forbidden by both:
Therefore they cannot be vsed without offence.
aMagistratus edicto interdicuntur hi ludi: sed & jus canonicis severissimè detestatur. Sive òffendiculo igitur to modo ludi non potest, postquam de co lex est lata. Dan. de lud al. c. 9. ra•. 3. Dice I utterly disallow as altogether unlawful: the Councels have condemned it; the Laws of every good Commonweal & our own specially have most severely punished it. Babingt. on Command. 8. - nescit equo rudis Haerere ingenuus puer, Venarique rimet, ludere doctior Seu Graco jubeas trocho, Seu mavis verita legitus alea. Horat. carm. lib. 3. ode 24. Per legem canonicā & civilē prehibentur. Augel. Barrel & alij. unde malum hos ludos comitans Ecclesia con temptus Alex. Carpeut. Astes. Hostieus. & alij ubi sup.Magistratꝰ edicto interdicuntur hi ludi: sed & ius canonicis seuerissimè detestatur. Siue òffendiculo igitur to modo ludi non potest, postquam de co lex est lata. Dan. de lud al. c. 9. ra•. 3. Dice I vtterly disallow as altogether vnlavvfull: the Councels haue condemned it; the Lavves of euery good Cō monweale & our owne specially haue most seuerely punished it. Babingt. on Cō mand. 8. - nescit equo rudis Haerere ingenuus puer, Venarique rimet, ludere doctior Seu Graco iubeas trocho, Seu mauis verita legitus alea. Horat. carm. lib. 3. ode 24. Per legem canonicā & ciuilē prehibētur. Augel. Barel & alij. vnde malum hos ludos comitans Ecclesia cō temptus Alex. Carpeut. Astes. Hostieus. & alij vbi sup.
The Civill constitutions are either of the whole Roman Empire; whereof some are said to be general bforbidding the use of those games to all generally, ⟨p. 197⟩either in public or private, by being partakers in them or spectators at them; camercing fourfold for the money lost in them; ddenying relief or redress to any wronged in game; and efining such as entice or compel any to play.
The Ciuill constitutions are either of the whole Romane Empire; whereof some are said to be generall bforbidding the vse of those games to all generally, ⟨p. 197⟩either in publike or priuate, by being partakers in them or spectators at them; camercing fourefold for the money lost in them; ddenying releife or redresse to any wronged in game; and efining such as entice or compell any to play.
bC. derelig. sumpt. suner. Cùm antiquitus militibus permissum fuisset extra operas alea ludere, queritur unper. to tempore omne•ludere, & ludendo patrimanium exhaurire, & blasphemias postremè in deū addere: itaque deceruit nemins licere ludera aut ludentē spectare Martyr in lud. c. 14. ut nulli •ic•at in publicis vel privatis domibus l••isu• alea ludere, neque inspicere, &c. Dan. de alea c. 7.C. derelig. sumpt. suner. Cùm antiquitꝰ militibꝰ permissum fuisset extra operas alea ludere, queritur vnper. to tempore omne•ludere, & ludendo patrimanium exhaurire, & blasphemias postremè in deū addere: itaque deceruit nemins licere ludera aut ludentē spectare Martyr in lud. c. 14. vt nulli •ic•at in publicis vel priuatis domibus l••isu• alea ludere, neque inspicere, &c. Dan. de alea c. 7.
cAscon. in divin. 2. Cic. setibit ale• tores in quadruplū petuniae esus damnatos quam ludendo amisissent. Dan. ibid.Ascon. in diuin. 2. Cic. setibit ale• tores in quadruplū petuniae esꝰ damnatos quam ludendo amisissent. Dan. ibid.
dSi aleator à socio sue iniuria aff•ctus fuerit, non dabo •i judicium•ff de aleator. Martyr in Ind. c. 14. Pandect. 11. tit. 5. Si quis com apud quem alea lusum esse dicetur, verb•raverit, damnumne ei dederit, five quid eo tē pore domo eim subtractum sit, judiciū non dabo. Dan. de alea c. 7.Si aleator à socio sue iniuria aff•ctus fuerit, non dabo •i iudicium•ff de aleator. Martyr in Ind. c. 14. Pandect. 11. tit. 5. Si quis com apud quem alea lusum esse dicetur, verb•rauerit, damnumne ei dederit, fiue quid eo tē pore domo eim subtractum sit, iudiciū non dabo. Dan. de alea c. 7.
eSi quis alterum coegerit ad ludum, sumetur de eo supplicium ff. de aleator. Martyr in Jud. c. 14. In eū qui ale• ludendae causa vim at••lerit, uti quaeque res erit, animaduertam. Pand. l. 11. tit. 5. Dan. de alea c 7. i. qui ludere compulit. Ulpian. Digest. l. 11. tit. 5. leg. 1. vel ab initio vel victus dum retinat. Paulus ibid. l. 2. Vise & l. 47. tit. 10. leg. 26. deco qui seruum alienum ad ludum pellexerit.Si quis alterum coegerit ad ludum, sumetur de eo supplicium ff. de aleator. Martyr in Iud. c. 14. In eū qui ale• ludendae causa vim at••lerit, vti quaeque res erit, animaduertam. Pand. l. 11. tit. 5. Dan. de alea c 7. i. qui ludere compulit. Vlpian. Digest. l. 11. tit. 5. leg. 1. vel ab initio vel victus dum retinat. Paulus ibid. l. 2. Vise & l. 47. tit. 10. leg. 26. deco qui seruum alienum ad ludum pellexerit.
Other some are special, fforbidding some sort of men, to wit, Ecclesiastical persons only, the use of them; or gcondemning some particular abuse of them only, to wit, where men play away more then their ability will well bear. Or they are positive laws of some particular nations; as hof the Land we live in; wherein iall dicing is said to be generally forbidden; kDicers taken punished with six days imprisonment, land with sitting in the stocks; mKeepers of dicing houses with three years, Players there with two years imprisonment: and nof the state of Geneva, wherein the very making of dice is condemned and inhibited.
Other some are speciall, fforbidding some sort of men, to wit, Ecclesiasticall persons onely, the vse of them; or gcondemning some particular abuse of them onely, to wit, wheremen play away more then their abilitie will well beare. Or they are positiue lawes of some particular nations; as hof the Land wee liue in; wherein iall dicing is said to be generally forbidden; kDicers taken punished with six daies imprisonment, land with sitting in the stockes; mKeepers of dicing houses with three yeares, Plaiers there with two yeeres imprisonment: and nof the state of Geneua, wherein the very making of dice is condemned and inhibited.
fJustinian. ju autheut. (collat. 9. tit. 15. & in Cod. l. 1. tit 6. leg. 18.) nominatim prohibet ne Èpiscopus, Presbyter, aut Diaconus, vel ipsi ludant (ad tabulas) vel ludentes aspi•iant; si secus seceriut, in Monasterium ad triennium detrudendi. Martyr ad lud. cap. 14.Iustinian. iu autheut. (collat. 9. tit. 15. & in Cod. l. 1. tit 6. leg. 18.) nominatim prohibet ne Èpiscopus, Presbyter, aut Diaconus, vel ipsi ludant (ad tabulas) vel ludentes aspi•iant; si secus seceriut, in Monasterium ad triennium detrudendi. Martyr ad lud. cap. 14.
gLege Roscia exili• multabantur, qui supra facultatum suarum modam aliquid alea vel luserant vel amiserant. Dan. de alea cap. 7.
hBabington on the eighth Commandment.Babington on the eighth Commandement.
The Ecclesiastical Canons likewise produced in this point are either general and universal, as othe Canons of the Apostles so commonly termed, inserted into pthe body of the Decree, qdepriving every Clergy-man given to dice or drunkenness, unless he reform: ⟨p. 198⟩according to the tenor whereof ra certain Clerk in the Decretal is found deposed for being a Dicer and a Usurer: and the Canons of two general Councils; sthe one held at Rome under Innocent the third, forbidding Clergy-men dice and hucklebones, either to play with them, or to be present at such play; the other tat Constantinople under the Emperor Justinian, inhibiting all in general, as well Lay-men as Clerks, to play ever after at dice, under pain of excommunication.
The Ecclesiasticall Canons likewise produced in this point are either generall and vniuersall, as othe Canons of the Apostles so commonly tearmed, inserted into pthe body of the Decree, qdepriuing euery Clergie-man giuen to dice or drunkenesse, vnlesse he reforme: ⟨p. 198⟩according to the tenor whereof ra certaine Clerke in the Decretall is found deposed for being a Dicer and a Vsurer: and the Canons of two generall Councells; sthe one held at Rome vnder Innocent the third, forbidding Clergie-men dice and hucklebones, either to play with them, or to be present at such play; the other tat Constantinople vnder the Emperour Iustinian, inhibiting all in generall, as well Lay-men as Clerkes, to play euer after at dice, vnder paine of excommunication.
oIn canonibus Apostolorum ludus idem interdicitur. Can. 42. & 43. Dan de lud. alea c. 8.
pGrat. dist. 35 can. 1.
qEpiscopus, Presbyter, Diaconus, alea a• que chrietati deseruiens aut desinat aut damuetur. Mart. in Jud. c. 14.Episcopus, Presbyter, Diaconus, alea a• que chrietati deseruiens aut desinat aut damuetur. Mart. in Iud. c. 14.
rCanonicus quidā aleator esse deprehensus, quodque in ludo pecunias ad usuram dedisset, ut pro 11. numis 12. reciperet, deposi•us est. De excess. praelat. c. Inter dilect. (decretal. l. 5. t. 31. c. 11.) Martyr in Jud c. 14.Canonicus quidā aleator esse deprehensus, quodque in ludo pecunias ad vsuram dedisset, vt pro 11. numis 12. reciperet, deposi•us est. De excess. praelat. c. Inter dilect. (decretal. l. 5. t. 31. c. 11.) Martyr in Iud c. 14.
sDe vita & honest. Cier. c. Clerici. (decretal. l. 3. c. 1. c. 1•) Ad aleas & taxillos non ludant, neo huiusmodi ludis intersint. Mart. ib. & Dan. c. 7. & Gloss. ibid. nec participes erunt ludentibus, ne• spectators ludi.De vita & honest. Cier. c. Clerici. (decretal. l. 3. c. 1. c. 1•) Ad aleas & taxillos non ludant, neo huiusmodi ludis intersint. Mart. ib. & Dan. c. 7. & Gloss. ibid. nec participes erunt ludentibus, ne• spectatores ludi.
tNullum omni•ò sive Clericum sive Laicum alea deinceps ludere: qui secus fecerit, excommunicatum i•i. Synod. Constantinop. 6. (non 1. ut Babingt.) c. 50.
Or they are Particular Canons of national or provincial Synods, as of ua Spanish Council held at Eliberis; suspending every Christian man from the Lords table, that shall play at dice or tables, for a twelve-month, upon promise of amendment to be received again then: and of *two French Synods held, the one at Rochelle, the other at Nimaux, both condemning and inhibiting the use of these games in general.
Or they are Particular Canons of nationall or prouinciall Synodes, as of ua Spanish Councell held at Eliberis; suspending euery Christian man from the Lords table, that shall play at dice or tables, for a twelue-month, vpon promise of amendment to be receiued againe then: and of *two French Synodes held, the one at Rochel, the other at Nimaux, both condemning and inhibiting the vse of these games in generall.
uSi quis fidelis alea (• tabula) luserit, placuit eum abstinere: & si emē datus cessaverit, p•st annum poterit communion reconciliari. Concil. Elib. c. 79.Si quis fidelis alea (• tabula) luserit, placuit eum abstinere: & si emē datꝰ cessauerit, p•st annum poterit communione reconciliari. Concil. Elib. c. 79.
§ 6. For the Proposition of this argument and the conclusion following from it; as it is conceived, it cometh not near home to the main point in question: If it be conceived as it should, that whatsoever is forbidden by the civill or canon Law is evil simply in it self, it is not true; a thing confessed by xsome before alleged in this very particular we now deal in. Humane laws restrain the common use of things indifferent; which things notwithstanding ⟨p. 199⟩cease not to be indifferent in themselves and in their own nature: and so make them unlawful so far forth as they bind, and no further. But the main question here is, not whether the use of a Lot in game be prohibited by mans law, but whether it be inhibited by Gods law or no. For many things are lawful by Gods law, that are not lawful by mans law: as to transport such and such commodities without special licence, to trade and traffic into such and such foreign parts, to eat flesh at certain times, to bring some sorts of fish into the market for sale, and the like, which things yet are not evil simply, or in themselves.
§ 6. For the Proposition of this argument and the conclusion following from it; as it is conceiued, it commeth not neere home to the maine point in question: If it be conceiued as it should, that whatsoeuer is forbidden by the ciuill or canon Law is euill simply in it selfe, it is not true; a thing confessed by xsome before alleadged in this very particular wee now deale in. Humane lawes restraine the common vse of things indifferent; which things notwithstanding ⟨p. 199⟩cease not to be indifferent in themselues and in their owne nature: and so make them vnlawfull so far forth as they binde, and no further. But the maine question here is, not whether the vse of a Lot in game be prohibited by mans law, but whether it be inhibited by Gods law or no. For many things are lawfull by Gods law, that are not lawfull by mans law: as to transport such and such commodities without speciall licence, to trade and trafficke into such and such foraine parts, to eate flesh at certaine times, to bring some sorts of fish into the market for sale, and the like, which things yet are not euill simply, or in themselues.
xMali sunt ludi isti, quia prohibiti; non prohibiti, quia mali Angel. de Clavas. sum. tit. Ludus. & Briart. quodlibet. 5. & Delrio mag. d•sq. tom. 2. l. 4. c. 4. q. 2. Alea non est prohibita quia per se mala, sed mala facta quia prohibita, & quatenus prohibita. Et causa prohibitionis sunt mala quae communiter ex ipsis sequuntur. Angel. sum.Mali sunt ludi isti, quia prohibiti; non prohibiti, quia mali Angel. de Clauas. sum. tit. Ludus. & Briart. quodlibet. 5. & Delrio mag. d•sq. tom. 2. l. 4. c. 4. q. 2. Alea non est prohibita quia per se mala, sed mala facta quia prohibita, & quatenus prohibita. Et causa prohibitionis sunt mala quae communiter ex ipsis sequuntur. Angel. sum.
Yea take the Proposition as it is propounded, that Whatsoever is by humane Laws forbidden, cannot be done without offence; and it is not all out true neither. For how many cases are there wherein the Summists and Casuists both Civilians and Canonists with the School-men agre••, that without just offence given that may be done, which by the letter of some positive law is unlawful? Or what is more common then these and the like rules in their writings; that awe are rather to mark the cause that moved the Law-giver to make the Law, then the words of the Law it self: that, bA law ceaseth where the reason of it ceaseth, though the letter of it do not: that, cA law enacting something in regard of some inconveniences, bindeth not, where such inconveniences are not: that, dA reasonable cause ever excuseth a man, in case he break some humane Law: and that eThat cause is a just and sufficient cause, for which the Law-giver would ⟨p. 200⟩himself hold the party excused: that, fCommon equity ought to sway both in exposition of Laws, and in exaction of things enjoined by Law: that, gHumane constitutions are to admit favourable constructions: that, hHe is no Transgressor, that crosseth not the mind of the Law-maker, though he break the letter of the Law: and lastly that, iCustom interpreteth Laws: yea that kit giveth strength to them; as on the other side that ldisuse or Counter-custom is a kind of abrogation of them. Let me ad that which in the present case sometime may be somewhat, what they say mof him that keepeth not a Law, where it is an hard matter to keep it, and where he should be but counted a fool if he should, that such a Transgressor is in common equity excused. In some case therefore may that be done without just cause of scandal, the doing whereof is by humane Laws inhibited. Neither suppose I is there any man so extremely censorious, that because flesh on Fridays is forbidden with us by law, he will in that regard hold a man guilty of sin, for every bit of flesh, that being in company with others, or having it readier at hand when he is hungry, he shall put into his mouth, especially not doing it of any contempt, and being one that is regardful of the end of that Law otherwise.
Yea take the Proposition as it is propounded, that Whatsoeuer is by humane Lawes forbidden, cannot be done without offence; and it is not all out true neither. For how many cases are there wherein the Summists and Casuists both Ciuilians and Canonists with the Schoole-men agre••, that without iust offence giuen that may be done, which by the letter of some positiue law is vnlawfull? Or what is more common then these and the like rules in their writings; that awee are rather to marke the cause that moued the Law-giuer to make the Law, then the words of the Law it selfe: that, bA law ceaseth where the reason of it ceaseth, though the letter of it doe not: that, cA law enacting something in regard of some inconueniences, bindeth not, where such inconueniences are not: that, dA reasonable cause euer excuseth a man, in case hee breake some humane Law: and that eThat cause is a iust and sufficient cause, for which the Law-giuer would ⟨p. 200⟩himselfe hold the party excused: that, fCommon equitie ought to sway both in exposition of Lawes, and in exaction of things enioyned by Law: that, gHumane constitutions are to admit fauorable constructions: that, hHe is no Transgressor, that crosseth not the minde of the Law-maker, though he breake the letter of the Law: and lastly that, iCustome interpreteth Lawes: yea that kit giueth strength to them; as on the other side that ldisuse or Counter-custome is a kinde of abrogation of them. Let me ad that which in the present case sometime may be somewhat, what they say
aIntelligentia dictorum est ex causis assumenda dicendi. Hilar de trinit. l 4. Magis attendendū est ad causam quae moxit legislatorem, quàm ad ipsa verba legis. Thom. sum. par. 12 2 •. q 96. a. 6Intelligentia dictorum est ex causis assumenda dicendi. Hilar de trinit. l 4. Magis attendendū est ad causam quae moxit legislatorem, quàm ad ipsa verba legis. Thom. sum. par. 12 2 •. q 96. a. 6
bRatione cessante lex quoque cessat, etiamsi verba non cessarent ff. de jure patron. l. adigere. Et c. cum cessante. de appellat. Na•arr. enchirid c. 4. §. 7.Ratione cessante lex quoque cessat, etiamsi verba non cessarent ff. de iure patron. l. adigere. Et c. cum cessante. de appellat. Na•arr. enchirid c. 4. §. 7.
cLex praecipiens aliquid ob aliqua inconueni•ntia, illis cessantibus nom obligat. Caietan. opuscul. tom. 1. op. 12 q 2. Panorm in c Quoniam contra. de probat. Navarr. evebir. c 16. §. 37.Lex praecipiens aliquid ob aliqua inconueni•ntia, illis cessantibus nom obligat. Caietan. opuscul. tom. 1. op. 12 q 2. Panorm in c Quoniam contra. de probat. Nauarr. euebir. c 16. §. 37.
dCausa rationabilis semper excusat transgressor•m legis humanae. Thom. sum par. 2• 2 ae. q. 147. a 3. Archidiac. d. 76 c. utinā. Panorm. de obseru. Navar. en•bir. c. 9. §. 16. &c. 23. § 43Causa rationabilis semper excusat transgressor•m legis humanae. Thom. sum par. 2• 2 ae. q. 147. a 3. Archidiac. d. 76 c. vtinā. Panorm. de obseru. Nauar. en•bir. c. 9. §. 16. &c. 23. § 43
eCausa justa videtur, propter quam legislator, si adess•t, eum pro excusato haberet. Thom. & Navarre. ibid.Causa iusta videtur, propter quam legislator, si adesst, eum pro excusato haberet. Thom. & Nauar. ibid.
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Hac cum toxilli• lu•end• crimina fi•nt: Ecclesiae spr•t••, vsuraque, ri•a, rapina, Scandala, tum nuge, blasphemia, tumfaciendi Furti doctri•a, violentia, copia fals•, Et morti• causa, decepti•, perditi•que Tempori•, & desiderium, corruptioque ingens: Isti• praedict• adulati•, vitaq•• turpi•. Hostiens. sum. de excess. praelat.
4Alexan. Carpent. destruct. vit. par 4. c 23. Astesan sum. l. 5. tit. 30. q 1. Angel. sum. de Ludo. Henr. Herp. sp•c. aur. ad praec. 2 ser. 3. Joan. Grusch. quadrag. serm. 10. part 3 Denisegem. praelict. destruct. tract. 1. consid. 2. Ambros. Taru•s quadrag. serm. 39. consid. 2. conclus. 3. & alij quamplurimi.Alexan. Carpent. destruct. vit. par 4. c 23. Astesan sum. l. 5. tit. 30. q 1. Angel. sum. de Ludo. Henr. Herp. sp•c. aur. ad praec. 2 ser. 3. Ioan. Grusch. quadrag. serm. 10. part 3 Denisegem. praelict. destru•t. tract. 1. consid. 2. Ambros. Taru•s quadrag. serm. 39. consid. 2. conclus. 3. & alij quamplurimi.
of him that keepeth not a Law, where it is an hard matter to keepe it, and where he should be but counted a foole if he should, that such a Transgressor is in common equity excused. In some case therefore may that be done without iust cause of scandale, the doing whereof is by humane Lawes inhibited. Neither suppose I is there any man so extreamely censorious, that because flesh on Fridaies is forbidden with vs by law, he will in that regard hold a man guiltie of sinne, for euery bit of flesh, that being in company with others, or hauing it readier at hand when hee is hungrie, he shall put into his mouth, especially not doing it of any contempt, and being one that is regardfull of the end of that Law otherwise.
•
fTò [Greek or Hebrew]. Aristot. Ethic. l. 5. c. 10. Aequitas praeponderat juris rigori. Gerson. reg. mor. Ipsae etiam leges cupivus ut jure regā tur: alecqui summa justitia summa iniustitia fit. Ibid.Tò 〈non-Latin alphabet〉. Aristot. Ethic. l. 5. c. 10. Aequitas praeponderat iuris rigori. Gerson. reg. mor. Ipsae etiam leges cupiuus vt iure regā tur: alecqui summa iustitia summa iniustitia fit. Ibid.
gFavours ampliandi, od•a restringenda sunt. Gl•ss. ad ff. l. 4. tit. 4. de minor. leg • &c l. 28. tit. 2. de lib. postum leg. 19. Sensus benignior sequendus. Navarre. enchir. c 27. sect 283.Fauores ampliandi, od•a restringenda sunt. Gl•ss. ad ff. l. 4. tit. 4. de minor. leg • &c l. 28. tit. 2. de lib. postum leg. 19. Sensus benignior sequendus. Nauar. enchir. c 27. sect 283.
hRespiciendum ad sinem quem legislator intendit. Thom. sum. par. 2a 2 ae. q. 147. a. 3. Non peccat, qui implet legem secundum mē tem autoris, licèt in verba offendat. Navarre. enchit. c. 27 sect. 283.Respiciendum ad sinem quem legislator intendit. Thom. sum. par. 2a 2 ae. q. 147. a. 3. Non peccat, qui implet legem secundum mē tem autoris, licèt in verba offendat. Nauar. enchit. c. 27 sect. 283.
iConfuetudo interpretatur legem. Gloss. ad Grat. d. 76. c. Utinam. Usus est optimus legum positivarum interpres. Gerson. regul. moral.Confuetudo interpretatur legem. Gloss. ad Grat. d. 76. c. Vtinam. Vsus est optimus legum positiuarum interpres. Gerson. regul. moral.
kLoges instituuntur, cùm promulgantar; firmantur, cùm moribus utentium approbantur. Gratian. d. 4. c. In isto.Loges instituuntur, cùm promulgantar; firmantur, cùm moribus vtentium approbantur. Gratian. d. 4. c. In isto.
lMoribus utentium in contrarium nonnulle leges bodi• abrogata sunt. Grat. Lex abrogata per aliam legem contrariam, aut per consuetuàinem, non obligat. Navar. enchirid cap. 23. sect. 41. Consentire censendi sunt superiores saltem interpretatinè in abolitionem legum suarum positivarem, quando passim eac diu non obseruari scire possunt, & nec verbo nec facto reclamant. Ge•son. regul. moral.Moribus vtentium in contrarium nonnulle leges bodi• abrogata sunt. Grat. Lex abrogata per aliam legem contrariam, aut per consuetuàinem, non obligat. Nauar. enchirid cap. 23. sect. 41. Consentire censendi sunt superiores saltem interpretatinè in abolitionem legum suarum positiuarem, quando passim eac diu non obseruari scire possunt, & nec verbo nec facto reclamant. Ge•son. regul. moral.
mNon peccat qui legem non seruat, ubi & quando est valdè difficile; neque qui non seruat, ut pro stulto non habeatur. Navar. euchirid. cap. 27. sect. 283.Non peccat qui legem non seruat, vbi & quando est valdè difficile; neque qui non seruat, vt pro stulto non habeatur. Nauar. euchirid. cap. 27. sect. 283.
