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A very profitable and necessary discourse concerning the observation and keeping of the Sabbath day serving as well to confute the superstition of the Jews, which obstinately urge the strict keeping of the seventh day, as also to overthrow the vain and godless reasons of others, that stiffly at this day maintain, that Christians ought to keep no set or appointed time to worship and serve the Lord in, in his church and faithful congregation. Written in Latin by Zacharias Ursinus, sometimes reader of the divinity lecture in the University of Heidelberg in Germany, and very newly turned into English, by John Stockwood schoolmaster of Tunbridge.A verie profitable and necessarie discourse concerning the obseruation and keeping of the Sabboth day seruing as well to confute the superstition of the Iewes, which obstinately vrge the strict keeping of the seuenth day, as also to ouerthrowe the vaine and godlesse reasons of others, that stiffely at this day maintaine, that Christians ought to keepe no set or appoynted time to worship and serue the Lord in, in his church and faithfull congregation. Written in Latine by Zacharias Vrsinus, sometimes reader of the diuinitie lecture in the Vniuersitie of Heidelberg in Germanie, and very nevvly turned into English, by Iohn Stockvvood schoolemaster of Tunbridge.
London: printed by T. East? for John Harrison the younger, 1584London: printed by T. East? for Iohn Harrison the yonger, 1584
Modern spelling is a reading aid: the words are the author’s, only the spelling is modernized. Original shows the page as printed, with the transcription marks.
Thirdly, obedience in those things,1 which appertain unto the ministry. Hebr. 4. Obey your Rulers. Hitherto appertain the works of love towards God, and towards our neighbour, that is, the whole life of a Christian, which is the spiritual Sabbath For it is nothing else to keep a spiritual Sabbath,2 then in the ordering of our life to obey the voice of God sounding by the ministry of the Church. For God will have the doctrine learned to this end, that it may be obeyed. Jam. 1. Performe ye the word in deed, and be not hearers only, deceiving your selves: because if a man be a hearer of the word and not a doer, he shall be compared unto a man beholding the countenance of his birth in a glass, for he hath beheld himself, and went his way, and by and by forgetteth what manner one he was.
Thirdly, obedience in those thinges,1 which appertaine vnto the ministerie. Hebr. 4. Obey your Rulers. Hethertoo appertaine the workes of loue towardes God, and towards our neighbor, that is, the whole life of a Christian, which is the spirituall Sabboth For it is nothing els to kéepe a spirituall Sabboth,2 then in the ordering of our life to obey the voyce of God sounding by the ministerie of the Church. For God will haue the doctrine learned to this ende, that it may be obeyed. Iam. 1. Performe ye the word in deed, and be not hearers onely, deceiuing your selues: because if a man be a hearer of the word and not a doer, he shall be compared vnto a man beholding the countenance of his birth in a glasse, for hee hath behelde himselfe, and went his waye, and by and by forgetteth what manner one he was.
And, for as much as he will have this ⟨image 27⟩Sabbath to be kept all our life time, he will have the examples and testimonies of the same especially to be showed forth on the outward or ceremonial Sabbath day, that is, at those times which are appointed for the teaching and learning of the word of God.1 For if a man all the time do not show forth a desire to obey God, when as the doctrine ringeth in his ears, and when as other cares being laid aside, God will have us to think upon godliness and repentance, he sufficiently declareth that he will not do it at another time.
And, for as much as he will haue this ⟨image 27⟩Sabboth to be kepte all our life time, hée will haue the examples and testimonies of the same especially to be shewed forth on the outward or ceremoniall Sabboth day, that is, at those times which are appoynted for the teaching and learning of the word of God.1 For if a man al ye time doo not shewe foorth a desire to obey God, when as the doctrine ringeth in his eares, and when as other cares being laid aside, God will haue vs to thinke vpon godlynesse and repentance, he sufficiently declareth that he will not doo it at another time.
There it hath always been the manner in the Church, on the Sabbath day to give alms, & to exercise the works of love towards the needy. Nehem. 8. Send parts unto him for whom nothing is prepared, because it is an holy day unto our Lord. God himself also doth witness Deut. 5. that he will have the Sabbath kept, that rest may be given to servants and to our family: least that with the continuance of labours they should be too much brought down. And 1. Corinth 16. Furthermore as concerning ⟨image 27⟩the gathering for the Saints, as I have appointed unto the Churches of Galatia, so do ye also. Every first day of the week, let every one of you lay a side with himself, laying up that, which thorough the gentleness of GOD he may. And Acts 2. all these works of the Sabbath are jointly expressed together: The Disciples were abiding in the doctrine of the Apostles, and in fellowship, and breaking of bread, and prayers.
There it hath alwayes bene the manner in the Church, on the Sabboth day to giue almes, & to exercise ye workes of loue towardes the néedie. Nehem. 8. Send parts vnto him for whom nothing is prepared, because it is an holy daye vnto our Lord. God himselfe also doth witnesse Deut. 5. that he will haue the Sabboth kept, that rest maye be giuen to seruaunts and to our familie: least that with the continuaunce of laboures they should be too much brought downe. And 1. Corinth 16. Furthermore as concerning ⟨image 27⟩the gathering for the Saintes, as I haue appoynted vnto the Churches of Galatia, so doo yee also. Euerie first daye of the weeke, let euerie one of you laye a side with himselfe, laying vp that, which thorough the gentlenesse of GOD he maye. And Actes 2. all these works of the Sabboth are ioyntly expressed together: The Disciples were abiding in the doctrine of the Apostles, and in fellowshippe, and breaking of bread, and prayers.
Fourthly,1 honour comprehendeth also Thankfulness, that is, duties concerning the preservation of the Ministry and Ministers. For if GOD will have a Ministry to be in the Church, he will also that every one, according to their ability, do further the maintenance of the same, that is, that they bestow their money and travail upon the nourishing and defending of godly Ministers and teachers.
Fourthlye,1 honour comprehendeth also Thankfulnesse, that is, duties concerning the preseruation of the Ministerie and Ministers. For if GOD will haue a Ministerie to be in the Church, hée will also that euerye one, according to their abilitie, doo further the maintenaunce of the same, that is, that they bestowe theyr money and trauayle vpon the nourishing and defending of godly Ministers and teachers.
Hitherto appertain the laws of Moses, concerning the first borne, first fruits, tenths, and very many offerings, the ⟨image 28⟩which were appointed unto the Priests & Levites in stead of a stipend, wherewithal to maintain the life of them and theirs, that they might attend upon the ministry. Albeit the circumstances of these laws be abolished & taken away, yet the general remaineth for ever, because God will have the ministry preserved even until the end of the world. Deu. 12. Take heed unto thy self that thou forsake not the Levite all thy days upon thy land. 1. Cor. 9. Who goeth on warfare at any time upon his own charges? Who planteth a vineyard, and eateth not of the fruit thereof? Or who feedeth a flock, and eateth not of the milk of the flock? Doth not the law also say these things? For it is written in the law of Moses, Thou shalt not muzzle the mouth of the Ox, that treadeth out the corn. Also, If we have sown unto you spiritual things, is it a great matter, if we reap your fleshly things? Again, Are ye ignorant, that they which serve about holy things, do eat of the things which are of the altar? And they that serve at the altar, do take part of the altar? So the Lord hath ordained, that they which preach the Gospel, should live of the Gospel. ⟨image 28⟩1. Tim. 5. The elders which do rule well, let them be counted worthy of double honour, especially those that do labour in the word and in doctrine. For the Scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle up the mouth of the Ox, that treadeth out the corn. And the work-man is worthy of his hire. Math. 10. He that receiveth a Prophet in the name of a Prophet, shall receive the reward of a Prophet. Hereunto also pertaineth the examples of the widow of Sarepta, nourishing the Prophet Elijah. 1. King. 17. Of Obadiah saving the Prophets, whom Jezebel did persecute. 1. King. 18. Of the Church of Damascus, letting down Paul by the wall
In this part of the honour towards the ministry is also contained the maintenance of schools:1 inasmuch as without the studies of learning and arts men are neither fit to teach, neither can the purity of doctrine be preserved and defended against Heretics. Therefore Christ Math. 11. promiseth a reward unto those, the which for the furtherance and imparting of doctrine do well unto those which do either already teach, or which are in time to come to teach, or whose travail ⟨image 29⟩doth serve, or shall hereafter serve for the preservation of doctrine.
In this part of the honour towardes the ministerie is also conteined the maintenaunce of schooles:1 inasmuch as without the studies of learning and arts men are neither fit to teach, neither can the puritie of doctrine be preserued and defended against Heretikes. Therefore Christ Math. 11. promiseth a reward vnto those, the which for the furtherance and imparting of doctrine do well vnto those which doe either alreadie teach, or which are in time to come to teach, or whose trauaile ⟨image 29⟩doth serue, or shall héereafter serue for the preseruation of doctrine.
1Fifthly and lastly, unto this honour of the ministry is also required uprightness or gentleness in bearing with the infirmities of the ministers, the which do not notoriously or manifestly corrupt or forslow their office, & hurt the Church with offence. 1. Tim. 5. Receive not an accusation against an Elder, but under two or three witnesses.
1Fiftlie and lastlie, vnto this honour of the ministerie is also required vprightnes or gentlenesse in bearing with the infirmities of the ministers, the which doe not notoriouslie or manifestlie corrupt or forslow their office, & hurt the Church with offence. 1. Tim. 5. Receiue not an accusation against an Elder, but vnder two or three witnesses.
1Forasmuch then as this is the sanctifying or hallowing of the Sabbath, it followeth that the things wherewith the Sabbath is profaned or broken, are contrary unto these works.
1Forasmuch then as this is the sanctifiing or hallowing of the Sabboth, it followeth that the thinges wherewith the Sabboth is prophaned or broken, are contrarie vnto these workes.
Against the teaching of doctrine is set the leaving or forslowing of the duty of teaching,1 either privately or publicly. Esa. 56. All her watch-men are dumb dogs, which are not able to bark, sleeping, taking their ease, very diligent to sleep. And they are ravenous dogs, which know not when they are full, and the Shepherds themselves understand nothing, they have all gone aside after their own way, every one unto his covetousness in his place. Ezech. 34. Woe unto ⟨image 29⟩the Shepherds that have fed themselves: Do not shepherds feed their flock? Ye have eaten the fat, and do clothe your selves with the wool: ye have killed the fat, but have not fed the sheep: the weak have ye not comforted, and the sick have ye not healed, and the broken have ye not bound up, that that was cast down ye have not brought again, & that which was lost ye have not sought, but ye have reigned over them cruelly and tyrannously.
Against the teaching of doctrine is set the leauing or forslowing of the duetie of teaching,1 either priuatelie or publiklie. Esa. 56. All her watch-men are dumbe dogges, which are not able to barke, sleeping, taking their ease, verie diligent to sleepe. And they are rauenous dogges, which knowe not when they are full, and the Shepheardes themselues vnderstande nothing, they haue all gone aside after their owne waie, euerie one vnto his couetousnesse in his place. Ezech. 34. Woe vnto ⟨image 29⟩the Shepheardes that haue fedde themselues: Doe not shepheardes feede their flocke? Yee haue eaten the fat, and doo cloath your selues with the wooll: ye haue killed the fat, but haue not fed the sheepe: the weake haue ye not comforted, and the sicke haue yee not healed, and the broken haue ye not bound vp, that that was cast downe yee haue not brought againe, & that which was lost ye haue not sought, but ye haue reigned ouer them cruellie and tyrannouslie.
Also corrupting and mangling of doctrine, or bowing of the same unto the §2opinions, affections, desires, or profit of the ministers, or magistrates, or others. 2. Corinth. 2. For we do not, as many, make merchandise of the word of GOD, but we speak of Christ, as of sincerity, as of GOD, in the sight of God.
Also corrupting and mangling of doctrine, or bowing of the same vnto the §2opinions, affections, desires, or profite of the ministers, or magistrates, or others. 2. Corinth. 2. For wee doe not, as manie, make merchaundise of the woorde of GOD, but wee speake of Christ, as of sinceritie, as of GOD, in the sight of God.
Against the administration of the Sacraments is either the leaving or foreslowing of the exhortation of the Church to use the Sacraments,1 or an unlawful administration, when as some thing is either taken from the ceremonies ordained ⟨image 30⟩§1by God, or when some thing is changed in them, or when as such are shut out from the Sacraments, as ought to be received, or such received which by the ordinance of God ought to be kept from them, or when as the people are not instructed concerning the right use of them.2
Against the administration of the Sacramentes is either the leauing or foreslowing of the exhortation of the Church to vse the Sacramentes,1 or an vnlawfull admistration, when as some thing is either taken from the ceremonies ordeined ⟨image 30⟩§1by God, or when some thing is changed in them, or when as such are shut out frō the Sacraments, as ought to be receiued, or such receiued which by the ordinance of God ought to be kept frō them, or when as the people are not instructed concerning the right vse of them.2
Against the desire to learn doctrine, is the contempt & neglecting of doctrine, that is, either not to be present at holy Sermons, when there is no lawful cause to let us, and on the Sabbath to do works that might be put off until another time, or to give no ears unto holy Sermons, or not to meditate and search the doctrine of the Church, but especially negligence to know the doctrine in the ministers, or in those, which by God are called unto the study of doctrine, and either ought one day to serve unto the setting forth of doctrine, or have greater occasion and opportunity to learn the same, then others. Numb. 16.1 He that gathered sticks on the Sabbath day, is stoned to death. And Exod. 31. Paine of death is set down against them that on the Sabbath do works hindering the ministry. Nehem, 13. They that do such works on the Sabbath are ⟨image 30⟩very sharply chidden. Math. 13. As often as a man heareth the word of that kingdom, and understandeth it not, then cometh that wicked one, and taketh away that which was sown in his heart. This is he which receiveth the seed by the way side, &c. Math. 15. Let them alone, they are blind, guides of the blind: if the blind lead the blind, they both fall into the ditch. Luke 12. Unto whom so ever much hath been given, much shall be required of him again, and with whom they have laid down much, the more they will ask again at his hands.
Against the desire to learne doctrine, is the contempt & neglecting of doctrine, that is, either not to be present at holie Sermons, when there is no lawfull cause to let vs, and on the Sabboth to doe workes that might be put off vntill another time, or to giue no eares vnto holie Sermons, or not to meditate and search the doctrine of the Church, but especiallie negligence to knowe the doctrine in the ministers, or in those, which by God are called vnto the studie of doctrine, and either ought one daie to serue vnto the setting forth of doctrine, or haue greater occasion and opportunitie to learne the same, then others.
Also curiosity, the which is a desire to §2know or to hear things not revealed by God, not necessary, or new things Pro. 25 As to eat much honey, is not good: so the searching out of the glory of the divine things is no glory. Son of Sirach. 3. Search not unconsideratlie after things that are more hard then thou art able to attain unto: and concerning things that are above thy power, foolishly seek not after them. The things that are commanded thee of God, the same study thou holily upon. For it is not needful for thee, to behold with thine eyes the things that are ⟨image 31⟩secret: the things that are not necessary, but superfluous unto thy talk, meddle not curiously with them. For mo things are opened unto thee, then the wit of man is able to comprehend. 1. Tim. 4. Give no ear unto fables, and endless genealogies, the which do rather breed questions, then edifying of God, which is by faith. And Chapter 4. Profane and old wives fables reject. 2. Tim. 2. Reject or cast away foolish and unlearned questions, knowing that they do breed strifes. Tit. 3. Refrain foolish questions and genealogies, and contention•, and strifes about the law: for they are unprofitable and vain. 2. Tim. 3. There will be a time when as they shall not abide sound doctrine, but itching in their ears, they according unto their own lusts, shall heap up unto themselves teachers, and shall turn away their ears from the truth, and be turned unto fables.
Also curiositie, the which is a desire to §2know or to heare things not reuealed by God, not necessarie, or new things Pro. 25 As to eate much honie, is not good: so the se•rching out of the glorie of the diuine things is no glorie. Sonne of Sirach. 3. Search not vnconsideratlie after thinges that are more hard then thou art able to attaine vnto: and concerning things that are aboue thy power, foolishlie seeke not after them. The thinges that are commaunded thee of God, the same studie thou holilie vpon. For it is not needfull for thee, to beholde with thine eyes the thinges that are
1Unto the lawful use and receiving of the Sacraments is repugnant the leaving off and contempt of the same. Also the profaning of them, when as they are used and received, not after that sort which ⟨image 31⟩God hath commanded, or not of those, for whom they were ordained. Also superstitious receiving, when as salvation and the grace of GOD are tied unto the observation of the ceremonies, or else are used unto other ends whereunto they are not ordained by GOD. Gen. 17. He that is uncircumcised shall be rooted out from among his people. Exod. 4. GOD threateneth death unto Moses because of his son which was not circumcised. Malach. 1. The Lord of hosts saith unto you. O Priests, which contemn my name, and have said, Wherein have we contemned thy name? Which do offer upon mine altar, polluted bread, and ye have said, wherein have we polluted the same? &c. Es••e. 66. He that sacrificeth an Ox, doth sin as much as he that slayeth a man, &c. 1. Corinth. 11. He that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh unto himself damnation.
1Vnto the lawfull vse and receiuing of the Sacraments is repugnāt the leauing off and contempt of the same. Also ye prophaning of them, when as they are vsed and receiued, not after that sorte which ⟨image 31⟩God hath commaunded, or not of those, for whome they were ordained. Also superstitious receiuing, when as saluation and the grace of GOD are tied vnto the obseruation of the ceremonies, or else are vsed vnto other endes wherevnto they are not ordained by GOD. Gen. 17. Hee that is vncircumcised shall be rooted out from among his people.
Unto the public prayers,1 the neglecting of them, and the hypocritical being present at them without ear-giving ⟨image 32⟩or affection. Also the rehearsing of them not serving unto the edifying of the Church. 1. Cor. 14. If thou bless in spirit, he, which occupieth the room of an ignorant person, how shall he say Amen unto thy giving of thanks? For he knoweth not what thou sayest. For thou givest thanks well, but another is not edified.
Vnto the publike praiers,1 the neglecting of them, and the hypocriticall béeing present at them without eare-giuing ⟨image 32⟩or affection. Also the rehearsing of them not seruing vnto the edifying of the Church. 1. Cor. 14. If thou blesse in spirite, he, which occupieth the roome of an ignorant person, how shall hee say Amen vnto thy giuing of thankes? For he knoweth not what thou saist. For thou giuest thankes well, but another is not edified.
In like manner also is against the use and exercise of the whole ministry, not only the particular leaving of duty in every private person, but by his example, or any manner of hinderance, by his commandment or persuasion, the calling away of his children, family, or others, from the use and exercise of the same.
In like manner also is against the vse and exercise of the whole ministerie, not onely the particular leauing of duetie in euerie priuate person, but by his example, or any manner of hinderance, by his commaundement or perswasion, the calling away of his children, familie, or others, from the vse and exercise of the same.
Hethertoo appertaine the lawes of Moses, concerning the first borne, first fruits, tenthes, and very many offerings, the ⟨image 28⟩which were appointed vnto the Priestes & Leuites in steade of a stipend, wherewithall to maintaine the life of them and theirs, that they might attend vppon the ministerie. Albeit the circumstaunces of these lawes be abolished & taken awaie, yet the generall remaineth for euer, because God will haue the ministerie preserued euen vntill the end of the worlde. Deu. 12. Take heed vnto thy selfe that thou forsake not the Leuite all thy daies vppon thy land. 1. Cor. 9. Who goeth on warfare at anie time vpon his owne charges? Who planteth a vineyard, and eateth not of the fruit thereof? Or who feedeth a flocke, and eateth not of the milke of the flocke? Doth not the lawe also saie these things? For it is written in the lawe of Moses, Thou shalt not musle the mouth of the Oxe, that treadeth out the corne. Also, If we haue sowen vnto you spirituall things, is it a great matter, if we reap your fleshlie things? Again, Are ye ignorant, that they which serue about holie thinges, doe eate of the thinges which are of the altar? And they that serue at the altar, doe take parte of the altar? So the Lord hath ordeined, that they which preach the Gospell, should liue of the Gospell. ⟨image 28⟩1. Tim. 5. The elders which doe rule well, let them be counted worthie of double honour, especiallie those that do labour in the word and in doctrine. For the Scripture saith, Thou shalt not musle vp the mouth of the Oxe, that treadeth out the corne. And the worke-man is worthie of his hire. Math. 10. He that receiueth a Prophet in the name of a Prophet, shall receiue the reward of a Prophet. Héerevnto also pertaineth the examples of the widowe of Sarepta, nourishing the Prophet Elias. 1. King. 17. Of Obadiah sauing the Prophets, whome Iezabel did persecute. 1. King. 18. Of the Church of Damascus, letting downe Paule by the wall Acts. 9.